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Equine veterinary journal2011; 44(1); 107-111; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00390.x

Safety and immunogenicity of BPV-1 L1 virus-like particles in a dose-escalation vaccination trial in horses.

Abstract: Infection with bovine papillomaviruses types 1 and 2 (BPV-1, BPV-2) can lead to the development of therapy-resistant skin tumours termed sarcoids and possibly other skin diseases in equids. Although sarcoids seriously compromise the welfare of affected animals and cause considerable economic losses, no prophylactic vaccine is available to prevent this common disease. In several animal species and man, immunisation with papillomavirus-like particles (VLP) has been shown to protect efficiently from papillomaviral infection. Objective: BPV-1 L1 VLPs may constitute a safe and highly immunogenic vaccine candidate for protection of horses against BPV-1/-2-induced disease. Methods: Three groups of 4 horses each received 50, 100 or 150 µg of BPV-1 L1 VLPs, respectively, on Days 0, 28 and 168. Three control horses received adjuvant only. Horses were monitored on a daily basis for one week after each immunisation and then in 2 week intervals. Sera were collected immediately before, 2 weeks after each vaccination and one and 2 years after the final boost and analysed by pseudovirion neutralisation assay. Results: None of the horses showed adverse reactions upon vaccination apart from mild and transient swelling in 2 individuals. Irrespective of the VLP dose, all VLP-immunised horses had developed a BPV-1-neutralising antibody titre of ≥ 1600 plaque forming units (pfu)/ml 2 weeks after the third vaccination. Eight of 10 trial horses still available for follow-up had neutralising antibody titres ≥ 1600 pfu/ml one year and ≥ 800 pfu/ml 2 years after the last immunisation. Conclusions: Intramuscular BPV-1 L1 VLP vaccination in horses is safe and results in a long-lasting antibody response against BPV-1. Neutralisation titres were induced at levels that correlate with protection in experimental animals and man. Conclusions: BPV-1 L1 VLPs constitute a promising vaccine candidate for prevention of BPV-1/-2-induced disease in equids.
© 2011 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2011-09-06 PubMed ID: 21895749PubMed Central: PMC3939654DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00390.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study aims to test the safety and efficacy of a vaccine candidate, made from bovine papillomavirus-like particles (BPV-1 L1 VLPs), in protecting horses against skin diseases caused by bovine papillomaviruses. The study, which employed a dose-escalation trial design and included daily monitoring and follow-ups, showed that the vaccine appears to be safe and capable of inducing a long-term protective immune response in horses.

Objective of the Study

  • The study seeks to examine BPV-1 L1 VLPs as potentially safe and highly effective vaccines meant for safeguarding horses against diseases induced by bovine papillomaviruses types 1 and 2 (BPV-1, BPV-2). These diseases are exemplified by skin tumours, known as sarcoids, which are difficult to treat and can cause significant economic losses.

Methodology

  • The study involved three groups of four horses each, receiving different doses (50, 100, or 150 µg) of BPV-1 L1 VLPs on days 0, 28, and 168. Another group of three horses formed the control group, only receiving adjuvants.
  • The horses were closely observed daily for a week after each administration and subsequently at intervals of two weeks.
  • The researchers collected serum samples both before and two weeks after each vaccination, and then again one and two years after the final dose. Those samples were analyzed using a pseudovirion neutralisation assay.

Results

  • Observers did not identify any adverse reactions to the vaccination, other than mild and short-lived swelling in two subjects.
  • All vaccinated horses developed a BPV-1 neutralizing antibody titre of at least 1600 plaque forming units (pfu)/ml two weeks after the third vaccination, regardless of the VLP dose administered.
  • At one-year and two-year follow-ups, eight of the ten horses still available maintained neutralising antibody titres of over 1600 pfu/ml and 800 pfu/ml, respectively.

Conclusions

  • The study concludes that intramuscular vaccination with BPV-1 L1 VLPs in horses is safe and induces a long-lasting antibody response against BPV-1. This was determined by the neutralisation titres generated, which were at levels that correlate with protection.
  • Given these promising results, BPV-1 L1 VLPs serves as a viable candidate for vaccination against BPV-1/-2-induced diseases in horses, making future prevention of these common and economically damaging diseases a distinct possibility.

Cite This Article

APA
Hainisch EK, Brandt S, Shafti-Keramat S, Van den Hoven R, Kirnbauer R. (2011). Safety and immunogenicity of BPV-1 L1 virus-like particles in a dose-escalation vaccination trial in horses. Equine Vet J, 44(1), 107-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00390.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 44
Issue: 1
Pages: 107-111

Researcher Affiliations

Hainisch, E K
  • Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Brandt, S
    Shafti-Keramat, S
      Van den Hoven, R
        Kirnbauer, R

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Bovine papillomavirus 1 / immunology
          • Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
          • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
          • Horses
          • Viral Vaccines / adverse effects
          • Viral Vaccines / immunology

          Grant Funding

          • P 18990 / Austrian Science Fund FWF

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 11 times.
          1. Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Brandt S. Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids-From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023 Mar 30;11(4).
            doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040769pubmed: 37112681google scholar: lookup
          2. Vrablikova A, Brezani V, Psikal I, Fraiberk M, Sebela M, Fojtikova M, Kulich P, Hezova R, Masek J. Development of modern immunization agent against bovine papillomavirus type 1 infection based on BPV1 L1 recombinant protein. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1116661.
            doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1116661pubmed: 37056230google scholar: lookup
          3. Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Kirnbauer R, Brandt S. Papillomavirus-like Particles in Equine Medicine. Viruses 2023 Jan 25;15(2).
            doi: 10.3390/v15020345pubmed: 36851559google scholar: lookup
          4. Munday JS, Orbell G, Fairley RA, Hardcastle M, Vaatstra B. Evidence from a Series of 104 Equine Sarcoids Suggests That Most Sarcoids in New Zealand Are Caused by Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2, although Both BPV1 and BPV2 DNA Are Detectable in around 10% of Sarcoids. Animals (Basel) 2021 Oct 29;11(11).
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