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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 1056996; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1056996

Sequence-based detection and typing procedures for Burkholderia mallei: Assessment and prospects.

Abstract: Although glanders has been eradicated in most of the developed world, the disease still persists in various countries such as Brazil, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Iran, Bahrain, UAE and Turkey. It is one of the notifiable diseases listed by the World Organization for Animal Health. Occurrence of glanders imposes restriction on equestrian events and restricts equine movement, thus causing economic losses to equine industry. The genetic diversity and global distribution of the causing agent, Burkholderia (B.) mallei, have not been assessed in detail and are complicated by the high clonality of this organism. Among the identification and typing methods, PCR-based methods for distinguishing B. mallei from its close relative B. pseudomallei as well as genotyping using tandem repeat regions (MLVA) are established. The advent and continuous advancement of the sequencing techniques and the reconstruction of closed genomes enable the development of genome guided epidemiological tools. For achieving a higher genomic resolution, genotyping methods based on whole genome sequencing data can be employed, like genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. One of the limitations in obtaining complete genomic sequences for further molecular characterization of B. mallei is its high GC content. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the widely used detection and typing methods for B. mallei and illustrate gaps that still require development. The genomic features of Burkholderia, their high homology and clonality will be first described from a comparative genomics perspective. Then, the commonly used molecular detection (PCR systems) and typing systems (e.g., multilocus sequence typing, variable number of tandem repeat analysis) will be presented and put in perspective with recently developed genomic methods. Also, the increasing availability of B. mallei genomic sequences and evolution of the sequencing methods offers exciting prospects for further refinement of B. mallei typing, that could overcome the difficulties presently encountered with this particular bacterium.
Copyright © 2022 Brangsch, Singha, Laroucau and Elschner.
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Publication Date: 2022-11-14 PubMed ID: 36452150PubMed Central: PMC9703372DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1056996Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the detection and typing procedures for Burkholderia mallei, a bacterium causing glanders disease in animals. The aim is to offer a review of various detection methods, their limitations, and to highlight the need and prospects for further refining these methods through genomics.

Understanding Burkholderia mallei and Glanders Disease

  • Glanders is a disease that has been eradicated in most developed parts of the world but is still prevalent in certain countries like Brazil, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Iran, Bahrain, UAE, and Turkey.
  • The disease has an impact on the equine industry as it restricts equine movement and poses hindrances to equestrian events. This causes significant economic losses.
  • The disease occurs due to a bacterium known as Burkholderia mallei, whose genetic diversity and global distribution haven’t been thoroughly understood due to its high clonality, meaning it has a high rate of producing genetically identical cells.

Current Detection and Typing Methods

  • Currently, the detection and identification of Burkholderia mallei is done using PCR-based methods which can distinguish it from its closely related species.
  • Genotyping methods which use tandem repeat regions (known as MLVA) are also widely established.
  • Whole genome sequencing data can be used for genotyping to achieve higher genomic resolution.
  • However, a significant limitation in obtaining complete genomic sequences for further molecular characterization of Burkholderia mallei is its high GC content.

Future Prospects and Development

  • The article indicates that there is room for the improvement and development of more accurate detection methods using genomics, thanks to the continuous advancement in sequencing techniques and reconstruction of closed genomes.
  • The increasing availability of Burkholderia mallei genomic sequences and the evolution of sequencing methods present promising opportunities for refining the typing method and overcoming difficulties associated with this particular bacterium.

Cite This Article

APA
Brangsch H, Singha H, Laroucau K, Elschner M. (2022). Sequence-based detection and typing procedures for Burkholderia mallei: Assessment and prospects. Front Vet Sci, 9, 1056996. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1056996

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 1056996

Researcher Affiliations

Brangsch, Hanka
  • Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany.
Singha, Harisankar
  • National Research Centre on Equines (ICAR), Hisar, India.
Laroucau, Karine
  • Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, French Food Agency (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France.
Elschner, Mandy
  • Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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