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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting h...
PloS one2019; 14(12); e0225895; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225895

Serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting horses in the Amazonian region of Brazil.

Abstract: Arboviruses and protozoans can cause neurologic disorders in horses. In Brazilian Amazon, several horses presenting signs compatible with disorders caused by these infectious agents have been observed. To contribute to the knowledge of this epidemiological picture, we sought to construct a serological diagnostic panel for neurotrophic infectious agents in local horses. A total of 213 blood samples from horses were collected from 29 farms in three municipalities. Samples were evaluated and considered positive when they met the following criteria: titers ≥ 1:80 with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for apicomplexan protozoans; positive recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with subsequent titers ≥ 1:10 by the PRNt for viruses; and detection under direct microscopic examination for Trypanosoma evansi. No horses were found to be infected by T. evansi, and only two were infected Toxoplasma gondii and/or Neospora spp. The highest protozoan infection rate was observed for Sarcocystis neurona (40.3%; n = 86/213). Among the positive ELISA samples tested by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90), 92% (n = 76/83) were positive for St Louis Encephalitis virus, 43% (n = 6/14) were positive for West Nile virus and 33% (n = 16/48) were positive for Mayaro virus. Eighteen percent (n = 39/213) of horses were co-infected by S. neurona and at least one arbovirus, particularly SLEV and/or MAYV. Samples positive for SLEV associated with S. neurona, including samples from horses that had recovered from neurological signs were frequent, and must be considered when investigating the possible causes of neurological diseases in South Roraima horses.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-12 PubMed ID: 31830142PubMed Central: PMC6907776DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225895Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research provided a comprehensive study on the presence of different types of diseases caused by arboviruses and protozoans in horses in the Amazon region of Brazil. The study, using a variety of tests and assessments, found a number of horses showing evidence of infection with various diseases, the most common being Sarcocystis neurona and St Louis Encephalitis virus.

Research Objective

  • The essential objective of this research was to compile a diagnostic guide for neurotrophic infectious diseases affecting horses in three municipalities in the Amazon region of Brazil. This stemmed from the observation of several horses showing symptoms consistent with disorders caused by arboviruses and protozoans.

Methodology

  • In the course of their study, researchers collected 213 blood samples from horses in 29 different farms spread across the aforementioned municipalities.
  • The samples underwent a variety of tests, including indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) for apicomplexan protozoans, recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for viruses, and microscopic examination for Trypanosoma evansi.

Findings

  • Upon conducting these tests, the study found no horses infected with Trypanosoma evansi, and only two infected with Toxoplasma gondii and/or Neospora spp.
  • The most high-ranking protozoan infection observed was by Sarcocystis neurona which accounted for 40.3% (86 out of 213) of the samples.
  • Viruses were identified using ELISA tests, then further classified using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). Of the positive ELISA samples, the majority (92%) were positive for St Louis Encephalitis virus, while a smaller proportion tested positive for West Nile virus (43%) and Mayaro virus (33%).
  • The research discovered that 18% of the horses were co-infected by S. neurona and at least one arbovirus, particularly St Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV) and/or Mayaro virus (MAYV).
  • The study concluded by emphasizing the frequency of horses testing positive for SLEV in conjunction with S. neurona, particularly in samples from horses that had recovered from neurological signs, and stressed the need to consider this when investigating the potential causes of neurological diseases in horses in South Roraima.

Cite This Article

APA
Gomes FA, Jansen AM, Machado RZ, Jesus Pena HF, Fumagalli MJ, Silva A, Alves BF, Roque ALR, Moraes Figueiredo LT. (2019). Serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting horses in the Amazonian region of Brazil. PLoS One, 14(12), e0225895. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225895

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 12
Pages: e0225895
PII: e0225895

Researcher Affiliations

Gomes, Fábio Alves
  • Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Roraima, Caracaraí, Roraima, Brazil.
Jansen, Ana Maria
  • Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Machado, Rosângela Zacarias
  • School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
Jesus Pena, Hilda Fátima
  • School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Preventive Veterinary and Animal Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Fumagalli, Marcílio Jorge
  • Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Silva, Angélica
  • Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Alves, Bruna Farias
  • School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Preventive Veterinary and Animal Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Roque, André Luiz Rodrigues
  • Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Moraes Figueiredo, Luiz Tadeu
  • Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Arbovirus Infections / veterinary
  • Arboviruses
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Coccidia
  • Coccidiosis / veterinary
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Geography
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Neutralization Tests
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Viral Plaque Assay

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
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