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Frontiers in microbiology2018; 9; 402; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00402

Serological Evidence of Orthopoxvirus Circulation Among Equids, Southeast Brazil.

Abstract: Since 1999 (VACV) outbreaks involving bovines and humans have been reported in Brazil; this zoonosis is known as Bovine Vaccinia (BV) and is mainly an occupational disease of milkers. It was only in 2008 (and then again in 2011 and 2014) however, that VACV was found causing natural infections in Brazilian equids. These reports involved only equids, no infected humans or bovines were identified, and the sources of infections remain unknown up to date. The peculiarities of Equine Vaccinia outbreaks (e.g., absence of human infection), the frequently shared environments, and fomites by equids and bovines in Brazilian farms and the remaining gaps in BV epidemiology incited a question over OPV serological status of equids in Brazil. For this report, sera from 621 equids - representing different species, ages, sexes and locations of origin within Minas Gerais State, southeast Brazil - were examined for the presence of anti- (OPV) antibodies. Only 74 of these were sampled during an Equine Vaccinia outbreak, meaning some of these specific animals presented typical lesions of OPV infections. The majority of sera, however, were sampled from animals without typical signs of OPV infection and during the absence of reported Bovine or Equine Vaccinia outbreaks. Results suggest the circulation of VACV among equids of southeast Brazil even prior to the time of the first VACV outbreak in 2008. There is a correlation of OPVs outbreaks among bovines and equids although many gaps remain to our understanding of its nature. The data obtained may even be carefully associated to recent discussion over OPVs history. Moreover, data is available to improve the knowledge and instigate new researches regarding OPVs circulation in Brazil and worldwide.
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Publication Date: 2018-03-08 PubMed ID: 29568288PubMed Central: PMC5852868DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00402Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the prevalence of Orthopoxvirus (OPV) antibodies in the equid population of southeast Brazil, suggesting that the virus has been circulating among equids even before the first reported outbreak in 2008. It concludes that there is a correlation between OPV outbreaks in bovines and equids, although the nature of this relation remains unclear.

Study Background

  • Since 1999, Vaccinia virus (VACV) outbreaks involving bovines (cows) and humans had been reported in Brazil. These outbreaks, known as Bovine Vaccinia (BV), were largely an occupational disease affecting individuals who milk cows.
  • However, in 2008, 2011, and 2014, VACV was found to cause natural infections in equids (horses, donkeys, and mules) in Brazil. Unlike BV, these cases did not involve any infected humans or cows and the sources of the infections remain unknown.

Research Aim and Methodology

  • The researchers wanted to understand more about the prevalence of OPV among equids in Brazil. They collected serum samples from 621 equids of different species, ages, sexes, and locations within the Minas Gerais state in southeast Brazil. These samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against OPV to determine past or recent exposure to the virus.
  • Only 74 of these samples were taken during an outbreak of equine vaccinia; the rest were taken from animals without visible signs of infection during periods lacking reported outbreaks.

Findings

  • The study found that the presence of antibodies suggested the circulation of VACV in equids of southeast Brazil prior to the first reported outbreak in 2008.
  • It also found a correlation between the instances of BV and equine vaccinia, although the nature of this correlation is not fully understood.

Implications

  • This research contributes to the understanding of OPV circulation in Brazil and elsewhere, indicating that the virus might be more prevalent than previously thought.
  • It indicates a need for more research to fully understand the disease’s spread patterns and the nature of the correlation between BV and equine vaccinia.

Cite This Article

APA
Borges IA, Reynolds MG, McCollum AM, Figueiredo PO, Ambrosio LLD, Vieira FN, Costa GB, Matos ACD, de Andrade Almeida VM, Ferreira PCP, Lobato ZIP, Dos Reis JKP, Kroon EG, Trindade GS. (2018). Serological Evidence of Orthopoxvirus Circulation Among Equids, Southeast Brazil. Front Microbiol, 9, 402. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00402

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 402
PII: 402

Researcher Affiliations

Borges, Iara A
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Reynolds, Mary G
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States.
McCollum, Andrea M
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States.
Figueiredo, Poliana O
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Ambrosio, Lara L D
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Vieira, Flavia N
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Costa, Galileu B
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Matos, Ana C D
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
de Andrade Almeida, Valeria M
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Ferreira, Paulo C P
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Lobato, Zélia I P
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Dos Reis, Jenner K P
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Kroon, Erna G
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Trindade, Giliane S
  • Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
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