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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Spontaneous Behaviors of Post-Orchiectomy Pain in Horses Reg...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(6); doi: 10.3390/ani11061629

Spontaneous Behaviors of Post-Orchiectomy Pain in Horses Regardless of the Effects of Time of Day, Anesthesia, and Analgesia.

Abstract: This prospective and longitudinal study aimed to identify spontaneous post-orchiectomy pain behaviors in horses regardless of the effects of anesthesia, analgesia, and recording time of day. Twenty-four horses divided into four groups were submitted to: inhalation anesthesia only (GA), or combined with previous analgesia (GAA), or orchiectomy under pre (GCA), or postoperative (GC) analgesia. The data obtained from the subtraction of frequency and/or duration of 34 behaviors recorded during seven 60-min time-points in the 24 h after the anesthesia from those recorded in the mirrored time-points in the 24 h before the anesthesia (delta) were compared over time and among groups by Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively (p < 0.05). Time of day influenced the behaviors of walk, look out the window, rest the pelvic limb, and rest standing still. The only pain-related behaviors were decreased mirrored proportional differences in time spent drinking, and eating, and increased mirrored proportional differences in the frequency or duration of look at the wound, retract the pelvic limb, expose the penis, and look at the back of the stall. In conclusion, confounding factors rather than pain may influence several suggestive pain-related behaviors documented in the literature.
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Publication Date: 2021-05-31 PubMed ID: 34072875PubMed Central: PMC8230028DOI: 10.3390/ani11061629Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study aims to understand pain behaviors in horses after removal of testicles (orchiectomy) and to discover how factors like the time of day, anaesthesia, and pain relief (analgesia) impact these behaviors.

Research design and methods

  • The researchers conducted a prospective and longitudinal study. This means they planned the study before it took place and followed the horses over a period of time after the surgery.
  • They divided the twenty-four horses into four groups, each receiving different treatments. One group had inhalation anesthesia only (GA); another had it combined with previous analgesia or pain relief (GAA); the third had orchiectomy under preoperative analgesia or pain relief before surgery (GCA), and the last had orchiectomy under postoperative analgesia or pain relief after surgery (GC).
  • Horse behaviors were recorded during seven 60-minute intervals over a 24-hour period after anesthesia, with the behavior in the same time period before the anesthesia used as the comparison point. Data obtained from the subtraction of the after- and before-anaesthesia observations (“delta”) was collected for each of the 34 behaviors monitored.

Results and conclusions

  • The results indicated that several behaviors were influenced by the time of day. These include the frequency or length of time horses spent walking, looking out the window, resting their pelvic limb and standing still.
  • The only pain-related behaviors observed were decreases in time spent drinking, eating, and increases in the frequency or duration of behaviors like looking at the wound, retracting the pelvic limb, exposing the penis, and looking at the back of the stall.
  • The researchers concluded that other factors, rather than pain, may influence several behaviors that are often associated with pain, such as standing still. This suggests that we need to consider other explanations for certain behaviors observed after surgery, rather than just attributing them to pain.

Implications and impact of the study

  • This study contributes to our understanding of how horses behave after orchiectomy and the factors which influence those behaviors. This can help veterinarians and animal caregivers to provide better post-surgery care for the horses.
  • While further research is needed, the indications that behaviors such as standing still, looking at the wound or looking at the back of the stall may be affected by factors other than pain could affect how post-surgery pain and distress in horses are assessed and managed.

Cite This Article

APA
Trindade PHE, Taffarel MO, Luna SPL. (2021). Spontaneous Behaviors of Post-Orchiectomy Pain in Horses Regardless of the Effects of Time of Day, Anesthesia, and Analgesia. Animals (Basel), 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061629

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 6

Researcher Affiliations

Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves
  • Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo State 18618-681, Brazil.
Taffarel, Marilda Onghero
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Maringa State University (UEM), Parana State 87502-970, Brazil.
Luna, Stelio Pacca Loureiro
  • Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo State 18618-681, Brazil.

Grant Funding

  • 0000 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
  • 10/08967-0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the study was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

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