Standardization of the equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test and its application to the control of the disease in the United States.
Abstract: In 1972 the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) established requirements that horses which had immunodiffusion antibody against equine infectious anemia could not be transported interstate. Forty-two states had regulations requiring that horses have a negative equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test before movement. In order to standardize immunodiffusion testing, it was stipulated in the 1972 regulations that tests must be performed in approved laboratories. The approved laboratories were required to have personnel trained in the immunodiffusion test procedure, to follow the standard protocol, to use licensed reagents, successfully complete proficiency tests, and to report results to federal or state animal health officials. The number of approved laboratories was 160 in June 1983. The number of immunodiffusion tests performed in the United States increased from 82,777 in 1972 to 793,536 in 1977, and has remained at about that level. The percentage of positive samples has decreased from 3.9 in 1972 to 0.6 in 1982. Due to the laboratory standardization program, the reproducibility of test results has been excellent.
Publication Date: 1984-02-01 PubMed ID: 6421788
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper discusses the implementation and impact of the equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to control the spread of the disease among horses in the United States during the 1970s.
Introduction and Context
- In 1972, the USDA established certain controls on the transport of horses based on their reaction to the equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test. This decision was taken due to the infectious nature of the disease and the need to prevent its spread among equine populations.
- The regulations required that horses should have a negative equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test result before they could be moved, with similar policies being adopted by 42 states.
Implementation and Procedure
- In order to standardize the immunodiffusion testing process, the USDA in 1972 decided that such tests should only be carried out in approved laboratories. The criteria for a lab to be approved included having trained personnel proficient in performing the immunodiffusion test procedure, adherence to the standard protocol, the use of licensed reagents, passing proficiency tests, and the reporting of results to federal or state animal health officials.
- The number of approved labs reached 160 by June 1983.
Testing and Disease Control
- As a result of these implemented measures, the number of immunodiffusion tests conducted across the United States increased significantly, from 82,777 in 1972 to 793,536 in 1977, remaining around that level subsequently.
Impact of the Standardization Programme
- The standardization program brought significant improvements to the disease control measures. The percentage of positive samples of equine infectious anemia decreased from 3.9 percent in 1972 to 0.6 percent in 1982, highlighting the effectiveness of the controls put in place by the USDA.
- Furthermore, due to the laboratory standardization program, the reproducibility of the immunodiffusion test results was found to be excellent, which implies that the results were accurate and dependable, thus ensuring the effective control of the disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Pearson JE, Knowles RC.
(1984).
Standardization of the equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test and its application to the control of the disease in the United States.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 184(3), 298-301.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Disease Outbreaks / prevention & control
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Equine Infectious Anemia / diagnosis
- Equine Infectious Anemia / epidemiology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
- Equine Infectious Anemia / transmission
- Horses
- Immunodiffusion / methods
- Immunodiffusion / veterinary
- Insect Vectors
- Legislation, Veterinary
- Quality Control
- United States
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Albayrak H, Ozan E. Serosurveillance for equine infectious anaemia in the Ardahan province of Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010 Dec;42(8):1593-5.
- Archambault D, Wang ZM, Lacal JC, Gazit A, Yaniv A, Dahlberg JE, Tronick SR. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for equine infectious anemia virus detection using recombinant Pr55gag. J Clin Microbiol 1989 Jun;27(6):1167-73.
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