The current challenges of dourine: difficulties in differentiating Trypanosoma equiperdum within the subgenus Trypanozoon.
Abstract: During its 20th annual meeting in Paris in May 1999, the OIE (World organisation for animal health) Ad Hoc Group on Non-Tsetse Transmitted Animal Trypanosomoses expressed the following concerns about dourine: the discrepancies in some of the results of the complement fixation test (CFT), which is the only international diagnostic test officially recognised by the International Organisation for the Transportation of Equidae; the persistence of suspected cases of dourine in some Asian, European and African countries; the impossibility of differentiating Trypanosoma equiperdum from Trypanosoma evansi and of isolating new strains of T. equiperdum from clinical cases that have appeared in various parts of the world since 1982. In the light of these concerns, it was decided, in agreement with the Directorate of the Federal Veterinary Services of Russia in Moscow, to perform comparative trials on the value of CFT/dourine at the OIE Reference Laboratory for dourine in Moscow (The All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine) using reagents (antigens and sera) from seven countries with extensive experience in the field of dourine diagnosis, namely, South Africa, France, Italy, Germany, Russia, the United States of America and the People's Republic of China. It is thanks to the successful co-operation of these countries that the trials were made possible. Results showed an overall concordance and were submitted for consideration to the OIE Biological Standards Commission, the commission which is in charge of the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. These trials serve as a starting point for further study, particularly in the following areas: the isolation of new strains of T. equiperdum from clinical dourine cases; the identification of specific markers for T. equiperdum which would make it possible to differentiate it from among the other species within the subgenus Trypanozoon; the experimental infection of horses with newly isolated T. equiperdum strains to compare their pathogenicity with those currently used in national diagnostic laboratories and with that of T. evansi; phylogenetic studies; the proposal and validation of new, internationally recognised diagnostic test(s) for dourine.
Publication Date: 2004-03-10 PubMed ID: 15005565DOI: 10.20506/rst.22.3.1460Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
- Clinical Pathology
- Diagnosis
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Research
- Equine Science
- Genetics
- Horses
- Immunology
- Infectious Disease
- Pathogenesis
- Pathogens
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research outlines an investigation conducted to address the challenges related to dourine diagnosis and disease differentiation. Dourine is a sexually transmitted disease in horses caused by the parasite Trypanosoma equiperdum. The study focused on identifying some specific markers of T. equiperdum that would distinguish it from other species within the same sub-genus of Trypanozoon.
Concerns About Dourine Diagnosis
- The study was conducted to address various concerns about dourine presented during the 20th annual meeting of the OIE (World organisation for animal health) Ad Hoc Group on Non-Tsetse Transmitted Animal Trypanosomoses in 1999.
- The issues with current dourine diagnostic methods included discrepancies in the results of the Complement Fixation Test (CFT), which is an international diagnostic test recognized by the International Organisation for the Transportation of Equidae.
- Also, there were suspected but unconfirmed cases of dourine in several Asian, European, and African countries.
- The primary issue was the inability of the current tests to differentiate the disease causing parasite Trypanosoma equiperdum from Trypanosoma evansi, along with the difficulty in isolating new strains of T. equiperdum from global clinical cases since 1982.
International Collaboration and Trials
- In response to these issues, an agreement was reached to conduct comparative trials on the value of CFT/dourine at the OIE Reference Laboratory for dourine in Moscow (The All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine).
- The trials utilized reagents (antigens and sera) from seven countries with extensive experience in diagnosing dourine: South Africa, France, Italy, Germany, Russia, the United States of America, and the People’s Republic of China.
- The results showed overall concordance and were submitted to the OIE Biological Standards Commission for consideration.
Future Research Directions
- The trials served as a starting point for more extensive research, especially in several specified areas such as isolation of new strains of T. equiperdum from clinical dourine cases.
- The study also suggested the need for the identification of specific markers for T. equiperdum to set it apart from other species in the same sub-genus Trypanozoon.
- Moreover, further research was recommended to investigate the experimental infection of horses with these newly isolated T. equiperdum strains, and to compare their pathogenicity with that of T. evansi.
- The study advocates for phylogenetic studies and the proposal and validation of new, internationally recognized diagnostic tests for dourine as future research areas..
Cite This Article
APA
Zablotskij VT, Georgiu C, de Waal T, Clausen PH, Claes F, Touratier L.
(2004).
The current challenges of dourine: difficulties in differentiating Trypanosoma equiperdum within the subgenus Trypanozoon.
Rev Sci Tech, 22(3), 1087-1096.
https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.22.3.1460 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- The All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Protozoology (VIEV), Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Kuzminki, 109472 Moscow, Russia.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Complement Fixation Tests / veterinary
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Dourine / diagnosis
- Dourine / parasitology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
- Equidae
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / parasitology
- Horses
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Trypanosoma / classification
- Trypanosoma / isolation & purification
Citations
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- Verney M, Gautron M, Lemans C, Rincé A, Hans A, Hébert L. Development of a microsphere-based immunoassay for the serological diagnosis of equine trypanosomosis.. Sci Rep 2022 Jan 25;12(1):1308.
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- Hébert L, Moumen B, Madeline A, Steinbiss S, Lakhdar L, Van Reet N, Büscher P, Laugier C, Cauchard J, Petry S. First Draft Genome Sequence of the Dourine Causative Agent: Trypanosoma Equiperdum Strain OVI.. J Genomics 2017;5:1-3.
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- Moreno SA, Nava M. Trypanosoma evansi is alike to Trypanosoma brucei brucei in the subcellular localisation of glycolytic enzymes.. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015 Jun;110(4):468-75.
- Desquesnes M, Dargantes A, Lai DH, Lun ZR, Holzmuller P, Jittapalapong S. Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on transmission, epidemiology and control, impact, and zoonotic aspects.. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:321237.
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- Gari FR, Ashenafi H, Tola A, Goddeeris BM, Claes F. Comparative diagnosis of parasitological, serological, and molecular tests in dourine-suspected horses.. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010 Dec;42(8):1649-54.
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