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The effect of different antimicrobial treatment regimens on the faecal shedding of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in horses.
Abstract: Fourth-generation cephalosporins can select for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in horses, but it is unknown to what extent this occurs compared to penicillin/gentamicin combination treatment. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different antimicrobial treatments on faecal shedding and diversity of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in horses. Upon hospital admission, 86 horses in need of antimicrobial treatment or prophylaxis were randomly allocated to receive penicillin and gentamicin (PG) or cefquinome (CEF). Untreated horses were included as controls (NOAMD, n = 33). Faecal samples from admission (T1), 3 days after admission (T2), and faecal swabs 28 days after discharge (T3) were cultured selectively. Differences in prevalence (T1, T2, T3) and counts (T1, T2) of ESBL-EC between groups and over time were analysed. On a subset of ESBL-EC isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (n = 45) and whole-genome sequencing followed by SNP-analysis (n = 46) were performed. The prevalence of ESBL-EC at T1 was 12 % with no significant difference between groups. In all groups, significantly higher carriage rates were observed at T2 and T3 compared to T1. Carriage and counts of ESBL-EC at T2 were significantly higher in treated compared to untreated horses. There was no significant difference between PG and CEF at any time points. Despite a large genetic diversity, indistinguishable ESBL clones were observed in different horses over time. In conclusion, antimicrobial treatment and hospitalization increased prevalence and counts of ESBL-EC, and transmission of ESBL-EC in the hospital was suspected. These findings highlight the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control practices in equine medicine.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2020-02-26 PubMed ID: 32273003DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108617Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The study investigates the impact of different antimicrobial treatments on the spread of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (a drug-resistant bacteria) in horse faeces. The research found that all treatments increased the presence of these bacteria, emphasising the need for good infection control and careful use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine.
Objective of the study
The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of different antimicrobial treatments on the faecal shedding and diversity of ESBL- producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in horses.
Methodology
- Upon knowing the need for antimicrobial treatment or prophylaxis, 86 horses were randomly allocated to receive penicillin and gentamicin (PG) or cefquinome (CEF). Additionally, untreated horses were used as controls in the experiment.
- Faecal samples were collected from these horses upon their admission (T1), three days post-admission (T2), and faecal swabs were taken 28 days after they were discharged (T3), with all samples being selectively cultured.
- To analyse differences in the prevalence of ESBL-EC at different time points, and counts of these bacteria, a subset of ESBL-EC isolates were put through antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing.
Results and Findings
- All groups showed an increase in the presence of the bacteria at T2 and T3 compared to T1.
- The prevalence of ESBL-EC at T1 was found to be 12 % with no significant difference between the groups.
- The carriage and counts of ESBL-EC at T2 were significantly higher in treated horses as opposed to the untreated ones.
- The study found no significant difference in the ESBL-EC count between the PG and CEF treatments at any time points.
- Despite a large genetic diversity, indistinguishable ESBL clones were observed in different horses over time, suggesting inter-horse transmission of ESBL-EC in the hospital.
Conclusions and Implications
- The research concluded that both the antimicrobial treatment and hospitalization increased the prevalence and counts of ESBL-EC in horses.
- These findings suggest the need for stricter antimicrobial stewardship and infection control practices in equine medicine to prevent the barn-wide or hospital-wide spread of this drug-resistant bacteria.
Cite This Article
APA
Schoster A, van Spijk JN, Damborg P, Moodley A, Kirchgaessner C, Hartnack S, Schmitt S.
(2020).
The effect of different antimicrobial treatment regimens on the faecal shedding of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in horses.
Vet Microbiol, 243, 108617.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108617 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, for Equine Internal Medicine, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: aschoster@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
- University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, for Equine Internal Medicine, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: jvanspijk@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Electronic address: pedam@sund.ku.dk.
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; International Livestock Research Institute, CGIAR AMR Hub, Old Naivasha Road, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: a.moodley@cgiar.org.
- University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: c.kirchgaessner@gmx.de.
- University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Section of Epidemiology, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: sonja.hartnack@access.uzh.ch.
- University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: sarah.schmitt@vetbakt.uzh.ch.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
- Antimicrobial Stewardship
- Bacterial Shedding
- Cephalosporins / therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Escherichia coli / drug effects
- Escherichia coli / enzymology
- Feces / microbiology
- Female
- Gentamicins / therapeutic use
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Male
- Penicillins / therapeutic use
- Prevalence
- beta-Lactamases
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Theelen MJP, Luiken REC, Wagenaar JA, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Rossen JWA, Schaafstra FJWC, van Doorn DA, Zomer AL. Longitudinal study of the short- and long-term effects of hospitalisation and oral trimethoprim-sulfadiazine administration on the equine faecal microbiome and resistome. Microbiome 2023 Feb 27;11(1):33.
- Gehlen H, Klein KS, Merle R, Lübke-Becker A, Stoeckle SD. Does colonization with MRSA, ESBL - producing Enterobacteriaceae, and/or Acinetobacter baumannii - increase the risk for postoperative surgical site infection?. Vet Med Sci 2023 Mar;9(2):729-737.
- Thomson K, Eskola K, Eklund M, Suominen K, Määttä M, Junnila J, Nykäsenoja S, Niinistö K, Grönthal T, Rantala M. Characterisation of and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in an equine hospital with a special reference to an outbreak caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307:CTX-M-1. Acta Vet Scand 2022 Feb 9;64(1):4.
- Kauter A, Epping L, Ghazisaeedi F, Lübke-Becker A, Wolf SA, Kannapin D, Stoeckle SD, Semmler T, Günther S, Gehlen H, Walther B. Frequency, Local Dynamics, and Genomic Characteristics of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Specimens of Hospitalized Horses. Front Microbiol 2021;12:671676.
- Shnaiderman-Torban A, Marchaim D, Navon-Venezia S, Lubrani O, Paitan Y, Arielly H, Steinman A. Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Enterobacterales Infections in Hospitalized Horses and Donkeys: A Case-Case-Control Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021 Feb 4;10(2).
- Rockow M, Griffenhagen G, Landolt G, Hendrickson D, Pezzanite L. The Effects of Antimicrobial Protocols and Other Perioperative Factors on Postoperative Complications in Horses Undergoing Celiotomy: A Retrospective Analysis, 2008-2021. Animals (Basel) 2023 Nov 19;13(22).
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