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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / The Effect of Vaccination Status on Total Lymphocyte Count i...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(7); doi: 10.3390/ani15071019

The Effect of Vaccination Status on Total Lymphocyte Count in Horses Affected by Equine Herpes Virus-1 Myeloencephalopathy.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus 1-induced myeloencephalopathy has a significant impact on the equine industry. Nevertheless, the clinical variables that may affect the severity of the disease are still under investigation. The objective of this research is studying the relationship between the level of lymphopenia and vaccination status with the severity of the disease in horses at an event, considering whether they had been correctly vaccinated or not prior to exposure to EHV-1. Ten horses were admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital following an equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreak during an international show jumping competition in Spain. Data were collected from passport vaccination records, daily analyses, and the clinical histories of the affected horses. Correctly vaccinated horses had a significantly longer hospitalization duration (6/10, 15.5 ± 1.2 days) compared to incorrectly vaccinated horses (4/10, 12.5 ± 1.2 days; p = 0.01). Lymphopenia (<1.6 × 103 lymphocytes/µL) was the most common leukogram abnormality. Correctly vaccinated horses demonstrated a higher lymphocyte count compared to incorrectly vaccinated horses within 24 h of admission (p < 0.01). This difference remained significant from days 1 to 4 and on day 6 post-admission (p =0.03). This study found that lymphopenia is a common leukogram alteration in equine herpesvirus 1-infected horses, and horses correctly vaccinated prior to an equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreak tend to have a longer hospitalization time. Correctly vaccinated horses exhibited higher lymphocyte counts during the first 24 h and throughout hospitalization compared to incorrectly vaccinated horses. The immune system could play a relevant role in influencing the severity of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy outbreaks, highlighting the need for further studies in this area.
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Publication Date: 2025-04-01 PubMed ID: 40218411PubMed Central: PMC11987750DOI: 10.3390/ani15071019Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines the effect of proper vaccination on horses affected by equine herpesvirus 1-induced myeloencephalopathy (EHM), finding that correctly vaccinated horses show higher lymphocyte counts and have longer hospital stays compared to incorrectly vaccinated horses.

Study Objective and Background

  • The researchers aim to determine the links between lymphopenia levels (low lymphocyte counts), vaccination status, and the severity of EHM in horses.
  • EHM, which results from equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), poses significant challenges to the horse industry, hence understanding clinical variables that can influence disease severity is crucial.
  • Equine vaccinations are essential for reducing disease spread and impact, but the extent to which vaccination status impacts EHM outcomes isn’t fully known.

Methodology

  • The researchers analyzed data from ten horses admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital during an EHM outbreak at an international show jumping competition in Spain.
  • Data included vaccination records from passports, daily analyses, and horses’ clinical histories.
  • They divided the horses into two groups: correctly vaccinated and incorrectly vaccinated, to compare the disease severity among them.

Findings

  • Properly vaccinated horses had significantly longer hospital stays (15.5 ± 1.2 days) compared to incorrectly vaccinated horses (12.5 ± 1.2 days).
  • Lymphopenia was a common leukogram abnormality observed in the horses infected with EHV-1.
  • In the first 24 hours of admission, correctly vaccinated horses had higher lymphocyte counts than incorrectly vaccinated horses.
  • This discrepancy in lymphocyte counts between correctly and incorrectly vaccinated horses remained significant for the first four days and on the sixth day after admission.

Implications and Conclusion

  • The study indicates that the immune response, as evidenced by lymphocyte counts, plays a role in the severity of EHM.
  • It highlights the importance of correct vaccination in helping manage EHM infections. Proper vaccination may not only boost the horses’ immune response but also affect the disease’s progression, leading to extended hospital stays.
  • The authors call for further research in understanding how the immune system can influence the severity of EHM outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
de la Cuesta-Torrado M, Vitale V, Velloso Alvarez A, Neira-Egea P, Diss C, Cuervo-Arango J. (2025). The Effect of Vaccination Status on Total Lymphocyte Count in Horses Affected by Equine Herpes Virus-1 Myeloencephalopathy. Animals (Basel), 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15071019

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 7

Researcher Affiliations

de la Cuesta-Torrado, María
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
Vitale, Valentina
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
Velloso Alvarez, Ana
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
Neira-Egea, Patricia
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
Diss, Clairianne
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
  • Clinique Equine de Provence, 13760 Saint-Cannat, France.
Cuervo-Arango, Juan
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • INDI24-13 / IP (Juan Cuervo-Arango) Fundación Universitaria San Pablo CEU C/ Assegadors 2, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca CIF: G28423275

Conflict of Interest Statement

None of the authors has any financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.

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