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BMC veterinary research2020; 16(1); 78; doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02295-6

The equine gastrointestinal microbiome: impacts of weight-loss.

Abstract: Obesity is an important equine welfare issue. Whilst dietary restriction is the most effective weight-loss tool, individual animals range in their weight-loss propensity. Gastrointestinal-derived bacteria play a fundamental role in host-health and have been associated with obesity and weight-loss in other species. This study evaluated the faecal microbiome (next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes) of 15 obese Welsh Mountain pony mares, in the same 11-week period across 2 years (n = 8 Year 1; n = 7 Year 2). Following a 4-week acclimation period (pre-diet phase) during which time individuals were fed the same hay to maintenance (2% body mass (BM) as daily dry matter (DM) intake), animals underwent a 7-week period of dietary restriction (1% BM hay as daily DM intake). Faeces were sampled on the final 3 days of the pre-diet phase and the final 3 days of the dietary restriction phase. Bacterial communities were determined using Next Generation Sequencing of amplified V1-V2 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA. Results: Losses in body mass ranged from 7.11 to 11.59%. Changes in the faecal microbiome composition following weight-loss included a reduction in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Tenericutes and a reduction in indices of bacterial diversity. Pre-diet diversity was negatively associated with weight-loss. Pre-diet faecal acetate concentration was a strong predictor of subsequent weight-loss and negatively associated with Sphaerochaeta (Spirochaetes phylum) abundance. When animals were divided into 3 groups (high, mid, low) based overall weight loss, pre-diet bacterial community structure was found to have the greatest divergence between the high and low weight-loss groups (R = 0.67, p <  0.01), following PERMANOVA and ANOSIM analysis. Conclusions: Weight-loss in this group of ponies was associated with lower pre-diet faecal bacterial diversity and greater pre-diet acetate concentration. Overall, these data support a role for the faecal microbiome in weight-loss propensity in ponies and provide a baseline for research evaluating elements of the faecal microbiome in predicting weight-loss success in larger cohorts.
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Publication Date: 2020-03-04 PubMed ID: 32131835PubMed Central: PMC7057583DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02295-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the impact of weight-loss on the gastrointestinal microbiome in obese ponies. The study uncovers an association between changes in the faecal microbiome (the bacteria in the animals’ feces) with weight loss, suggesting the bacteria in the digestive system might play a significant role in a pony’s ability to lose weight.

Study Design and Subjects

  • The research took place over a period of 11 weeks across two years and involved 15 obese Welsh Mountain pony mares.
  • In each year, the study subjects were first given an acclimation period of four weeks, during which they were all fed the same amount of hay (2% of their body mass per day). This was referred to as the “pre-diet phase”.
  • After the pre-diet phase, the ponies underwent a period of seven weeks of dietary restriction, in which their hay intake was reduced to 1% of their body mass per day.
  • Fecal samples were collected and analyzed at the end of the pre-diet phase and at the end of the dietary restriction phase.

Results

  • The ponies experienced weight loss ranging from 7.11% to 11.59% of their body mass.
  • Changes observed in the ponies’ faecal microbiome following weight loss included a reduction in the relative abundance of certain bacterial groups (Firmicutes and Tenericutes) as well as a decrease in the overall bacterial diversity.
  • There was a negative correlation between the diversity of the pre-diet microbiome and weight loss; that is, ponies with a less diverse microbiome before the diet lost more weight.
  • The concentration of a specific metabolic product, faecal acetate, before the diet was shown to be a strong predictor of subsequent weight loss. It was also negatively related to the abundance of certain bacterium (Sphaerochaeta).

Conclusions and Implications

  • According to the findings, weight loss in the ponies was associated with lower pre-diet bacterial diversity and higher pre-diet acetate concentrations in their faeces.
  • The research suggests the microbiome has a role in how prone ponies are to weight loss, and provides a basis for future investigations into how fecal microbiome elements can predict weight-loss success in larger sample sizes.

Cite This Article

APA
Morrison PK, Newbold CJ, Jones E, Worgan HJ, Grove-White DH, Dugdale AH, Barfoot C, Harris PA, Argo CM. (2020). The equine gastrointestinal microbiome: impacts of weight-loss. BMC Vet Res, 16(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02295-6

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 78
PII: 78

Researcher Affiliations

Morrison, Philippa K
  • Scotland's Rural College, Craibstone Estate, Aberdeen, UK. philippa.morrison@sruc.ac.uk.
Newbold, Charles J
  • Scotland's Rural College, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.
Jones, Eleanor
  • Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
Worgan, Hilary J
  • Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
Grove-White, Dai H
  • University of Liverpool, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, UK.
Dugdale, Alexandra H
  • ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists CVS (UK) Ltd., Chester, UK.
Barfoot, Clare
  • MARS Horsecare UK Ltd, Old Wolverton, Buckinghamshire, UK.
Harris, Patricia A
  • WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire, UK.
Argo, Caroline McGregor
  • Scotland's Rural College, Craibstone Estate, Aberdeen, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Acetates / analysis
  • Animals
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Feces / chemistry
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Horses / microbiology
  • Horses / physiology
  • Obesity / microbiology
  • Obesity / veterinary
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
  • Weight Loss / physiology

Grant Funding

  • N/A / Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition

Conflict of Interest Statement

Co-authors PH and CB are employed by the funding organization. Co-author AD is employed by CVS Ltd. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

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