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Journal of mathematical biology2013; 68(4); 969-987; doi: 10.1007/s00285-013-0654-x

The evolutionary consequences of alternative types of imperfect vaccines.

Abstract: The emergence and spread of mutant pathogens that evade the effects of prophylactic interventions, including vaccines, threatens our ability to control infectious diseases globally. Imperfect vaccines (e.g. those used against influenza), while not providing life-long immunity, confer protection by reducing a range of pathogen life-history characteristics; conversely, mutant pathogens can gain an advantage by restoring the same range of traits in vaccinated hosts. Using an SEIR model motivated by equine influenza, we investigate the evolutionary consequences of alternative types of imperfect vaccination, by comparing the spread rate of three types of mutant pathogens, in response to three types of vaccines. All mutant types spread faster in response to a transmission-blocking vaccine, relative to vaccines that reduce the proportion of exposed vaccinated individuals becoming infectious, and to vaccines that reduce the length of the infectious period; this difference increases with increasing vaccine efficacy. We interpret our results using the first published Price equation formulation for an SEIR model, and find that our main result is explained by the effects of vaccines on the equilibrium host distribution across epidemiological classes. In particular, the proportion of vaccinated infectious individuals among all exposed and infectious hosts, which is relatively higher in the transmission-blocking vaccine scenario, is important in explaining the faster spread of mutant strains in response to that vaccine. Our work illustrates the connection between epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics, and the need to incorporate both in order to explain and interpret findings of complicated infectious disease dynamics.
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Publication Date: 2013-02-28 PubMed ID: 23455568DOI: 10.1007/s00285-013-0654-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper demonstrates the interplay between vaccines, pathogens, and their evolution. By looking at imperfect vaccines, the paper investigates how different vaccines affect the spread rate of mutant pathogens, emphasizing the importance of considering both epidemiological and evolutionary aspects in understanding disease dynamics.

Imperfect Vaccines and Mutant Pathogens

  • The paper commences by discussing the challenge posed by the emergence and spread of mutant pathogens that can evade the effects of existing vaccines, thereby threatening our global ability to control infectious diseases.
  • Imperfect vaccines, like those against influenza, are vaccines that do not provide lifelong immunity but still confer some degree of protection by reducing certain characteristics of the pathogen.
  • Mutant pathogens can have a competitive advantage over these vaccines by restoring the same range of traits in vaccinated hosts that the vaccines originally weakened.

Investigating Different Types of Vaccination Strategies

  • The researchers use an SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) model, guided by the example of equine influenza, to investigate the evolutionary effects of different types of imperfect vaccination.
  • They compare the spread rate of three types of mutant pathogens in reaction to three different types of vaccines.

Findings and Implications

  • All mutant pathogens spread faster in reaction to a transmission-blocking vaccine, compared to vaccines that reduce the proportion of vaccinated individuals becoming infectious or vaccines that lessen the length of the infectious period.
  • This difference was noted to become more significant with an increase in the efficacy of the vaccine.
  • The faster spread of mutant strains in response to the transmission-blocking vaccine was found to be due to the relatively higher proportion of vaccinated infectious individuals among all exposed and infectious hosts.
  • To explain the findings, the researchers used the first published Price equation formulation for an SEIR model and found the impact of vaccines on the host distribution across epidemiological classes to be significant.
  • The study underlines the link between epidemiological dynamics (infectious disease spread) and evolutionary dynamics (changes in pathogens over time), and the importance of considering both aspects in understanding the complex dynamics of infectious diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Magori K, Park AW. (2013). The evolutionary consequences of alternative types of imperfect vaccines. J Math Biol, 68(4), 969-987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-013-0654-x

Publication

Journal of mathematical biology
ISSN: 1432-1416
NlmUniqueID: 7502105
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 68
Issue: 4
Pages: 969-987

Researcher Affiliations

Magori, Krisztian
  • Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, kmagori@gmail.com.
Park, Andrew W

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Basic Reproduction Number / veterinary
    • Biological Evolution
    • Horse Diseases / immunology
    • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
    • Horse Diseases / virology
    • Horses
    • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
    • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
    • Models, Immunological
    • Mutation / immunology
    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
    • Vaccination / veterinary
    • Viral Vaccines / immunology
    • Viral Vaccines / standards

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    Citations

    This article has been cited 2 times.
    1. Hulst AD, Bijma P, De Jong MCM. Can breeders prevent pathogen adaptation when selecting for increased resistance to infectious diseases?. Genet Sel Evol 2022 Nov 8;54(1):73.
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    2. Campo VN, Palacios JL, Nagahashi H, Oh H, Rychtář J, Taylor D. A game-theoretic model of rabies in domestic dogs with multiple voluntary preventive measures. J Math Biol 2022 Oct 20;85(5):57.
      doi: 10.1007/s00285-022-01826-zpubmed: 36264390google scholar: lookup
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