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Home / Equine Research Bank / Acta Vet Scand / The first nosocomial outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staph...
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica2012; 54(1); 11; doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-11

The first nosocomial outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses in Sweden.

Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in animals is a rare finding in Sweden. In horses, MRSA was first detected in a screening survey in 2007. In 2008, six clinical cases occurred in an equine hospital, indicating an outbreak. Methods: All MRSA isolates detected, 11 spa-type t011 and one t064 (n = 12), in infected horses (n = 10) and screening of horses (n = 2) in Sweden from December 2007 to March 2010 were retrospectively analysed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using Cfr9I and ApaI restriction enzymes, to study relationship between the isolates. Medical records of infected horses and outbreak investigation notes were scrutinised to monitor the clinical outcome and other aspects of the outbreak. Results: Eight of the 10 infected horses were linked to one equine hospital and two to another hospital in the same region. The six horses infected with MRSA in 2008 underwent surgery during the period 22 May-7 July in one of the hospitals. Four more infections linked to the two hospitals were notified between 2009 and March 2010.Nine of the 11 spa-type t011 isolates had identical Cfr9I and ApaI PFGE pattern. All six infected horses from 2008 presented with this MRSA. Two t011 isolates differed in one and two bands, respectively, in PFGE.Nine horses suffered from surgical site infections (SSI). No antimicrobials were used following the MRSA diagnosis and the infections cleared. The time from surgery to MRSA diagnosis differed greatly between the horses (range 15-52 days). Conclusions: Association in time and space of six horses infected with an identical MRSA strain of spa-type t011 confirmed an outbreak. Two isolates found in 2009 and 2010 in the outbreak hospital were closely related to the outbreak strain, indicating one circulating strain. Both spa-type t011 and t064 have been reported in horses in Europe prior to these findings. The observation that the infections cleared although antimicrobials were not used is encouraging for future prudent use of antimicrobials. The time from surgery to bacteriological diagnosis was not acceptable in most cases, as contagious spread was a risk. Sampling when symptoms of infection are noticed and accurate analysis are thus important.
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Publication Date: 2012-02-08 PubMed ID: 22316072PubMed Central: PMC3348035DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-11Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the first outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in horses in an equine hospital in Sweden. This bacterial strain was found in eight horses from one hospital and two from another, all within the same region. Despite the severity of MRSA, the bacteria cleared without the use of antimicrobials, raising hope for a future reduction in antibiotic use. However, the researchers identify the need for improved infection detection to prevent risk of spread.

Objectives and Methods

  • The study aimed to examine the first recorded outbreak of the antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria in horses in Sweden. Its objective was to understand the relationship between the isolates, monitor the clinical outcomes, and identify the cause of the outbreak.
  • It analyzed all the MRSA isolates found between December 2007 and March 2010 in infected and screened horses. The analysis was done using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with two different restriction enzymes.
  • Also, it scrutinised medical records of infected horses and notes from the outbreak investigation to monitor the health outcome and other aspects of the outbreak.

Findings

  • The affected horses underwent surgery during a specific period in 2008 in one of the equine hospitals.
  • Eight infected horses were linked to one hospital, and two linked to another in the same region. The majority of horses were infected with the MRSA strain of spa-type t011.
  • Out of ten infected horses, nine horses suffered from surgical site infections (SSI).
  • Two additional MRSA isolates in 2009 and 2010 in the outbreak hospital were related to the original outbreak strain, suggesting the presence of one circulating strain.

Conclusions

  • Based on the timing and location of the six horses infected with an identical strain of MRSA, the researchers concluded that an outbreak had occurred.
  • Even though MRSA is a very severe bacterial strain, the infected horses healed without the use of antimicrobials. This observation encourages prudent use of antimicrobials in the future.
  • A major concern raised was the unacceptable time period from surgery to bacteriological diagnosis in most cases, as this could risk contagious spread. Therefore, the authors stress the importance of timely sampling when infection symptoms are noticed.

Cite This Article

APA
Bergström K, Aspan A, Landén A, Johnston C, Grönlund-Andersson U. (2012). The first nosocomial outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses in Sweden. Acta Vet Scand, 54(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-54-11

Publication

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica
ISSN: 1751-0147
NlmUniqueID: 0370400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 1
Pages: 11

Researcher Affiliations

Bergström, Karin
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. karin.bergstrom@sva.se
Aspan, Anna
    Landén, Annica
      Johnston, Christopher
        Grönlund-Andersson, Ulrika

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Cross Infection / diagnosis
          • Cross Infection / epidemiology
          • Cross Infection / microbiology
          • Cross Infection / veterinary
          • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
          • Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / veterinary
          • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
          • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
          • Horse Diseases / microbiology
          • Horses
          • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / classification
          • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
          • Retrospective Studies
          • Staphylococcal Infections / diagnosis
          • Staphylococcal Infections / epidemiology
          • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
          • Staphylococcal Infections / veterinary
          • Sweden

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