The horse genome.
Abstract: Despite a late start, analysis of the horse genome has progressed rapidly during the past ten years. With synteny, genetic linkage, radiation hybrid, cytogenetic and comparative maps presently generated for all equine chromosomes including the Y chromosome, the map of the equine genome contains approximately 4,000 markers. The average resolution of the mapped markers is approximately 700 kb, which makes the horse gene map the densest among the domestic animal species hitherto not sequenced. This map is currently used by researchers worldwide to discover genes associated with various traits of significance in the horse including overall health, disease resistance, reproduction, fertility, athletic performance, phenotypic characteristics like coat color, etc. Efforts are currently underway to initiate functional studies of the equine genome. Despite in its infancy, the expression based analysis of the equine genome using cDNA or oligoarrays is expected to be an integral part of genome analysis in the horse. More recently, a physical map of approximately 150,000 overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones is being generated by end-sequencing and subsequent assembly of the BACs. Collectively, the wide range of genomic tools/resources presently available in the horse makes it the next ideal candidate for whole genome sequencing. The motivation and support of the ultimate benefactors - the equine industry - from this huge endeavor will however be pivotal.
Publication Date: 2008-08-30 PubMed ID: 18753773DOI: 10.1159/000095098Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
- Review
Summary
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This research investigates the genetic makeup of horses, specifically studying their genome. The paper outlines advancements in mapping the horse genome in recent years and explains how this aids the understanding of key elements in relation to horse biology, such as health, athletic performance, and physical characteristics.
Mapping of the Horse Genome
- Work on the horse genome began rather late but has made significant progress in the past decade.
- All equine chromosomes, including the Y chromosome, now have synteny, genetic linkage, radiation hybrid, cytogenetic, and comparative maps.
- The equine genome map contains approximately 4,000 markers, with an average resolution of these markers being about 700 kilobases (kb).
- These results make the horse gene map the densest among domestic animal species that have been mapped but have not been entirely sequenced.
Application of the Equine Genome Map
- Researchers across the globe are using this horse genome map to uncover genes linked with various significant traits in horses, such as general health, disease resistance, reproduction, fertility, athletic performance, and physical properties such as coat color.
- There are ongoing efforts to initiate functional studies of the horse genome, although this area of research is still in its early stages.
- Expression-based analysis of the horse genome, using cDNA or oligoarrays, is anticipated to be a significant part of genome analysis in horses going forward.
Creation of a Physical Map
- A physical map of around 150,000 overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones is currently being generated. This is completed by end-sequencing and subsequent assembly of the BACs.
- Overall, the myriad of genomic tools and resources currently available in the horse genome now make the horse the ideal next candidate for whole genome sequencing.
- Lastly, the study notes that the support and motivation from the ultimate beneficiaries—the equine industry—will be crucial for the success of this huge endeavor.
Cite This Article
APA
Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T.
(2008).
The horse genome.
Genome Dyn, 2, 97-110.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000095098 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex., USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Chromosome Mapping / methods
- Chromosomes
- Cytogenetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genetic Linkage
- Genetic Techniques
- Genomics
- Horses / genetics
- Models, Biological
- Models, Genetic
- Phenotype
- Phylogeny
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Cardinali I, Giontella A, Tommasi A, Silvestrelli M, Lancioni H. Unlocking Horse Y Chromosome Diversity.. Genes (Basel) 2022 Dec 2;13(12).
- Rossetti C, Genualdo V, Incarnato D, Mottola F, Perucatti A, Pauciullo A. State of the art on the physical mapping of the Y-chromosome in the Bovidae and comparison with other species - A review.. Anim Biosci 2022 Sep;35(9):1289-1302.
- Raudsepp T, Finno CJ, Bellone RR, Petersen JL. Ten years of the horse reference genome: insights into equine biology, domestication and population dynamics in the post-genome era.. Anim Genet 2019 Dec;50(6):569-597.
- Ahfock D, Wood I, Stephen S, Cavanagh CR, Huang BE. Characterizing uncertainty in high-density maps from multiparental populations.. Genetics 2014 Sep;198(1):117-28.
- Klopfleisch R, Gruber AD. Transcriptome and proteome research in veterinary science: what is possible and what questions can be asked?. ScientificWorldJournal 2012;2012:254962.
- Cox A, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Dumont BL, Ding Y, Bell JT, Brockmann GA, Wergedal JE, Bult C, Paigen B, Flint J, Tsaih SW, Churchill GA, Broman KW. A new standard genetic map for the laboratory mouse.. Genetics 2009 Aug;182(4):1335-44.
- Nathan DG, Orkin SH. Musings on genome medicine: genome wide association studies.. Genome Med 2009 Jan 20;1(1):3.
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