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Journal of animal science2023; 101; skad034; doi: 10.1093/jas/skad034

The influence of a probiotic/prebiotic supplement on microbial and metabolic parameters of equine cecal fluid or fecal slurry in vitro.

Abstract: The microbes that reside within the equine hindgut create a complex and dynamic ecosystem. The equine hindgut microbiota is intimately associated with health and, as such, represents an area which can be beneficially modified. Synbiotics, supplements that combine probiotic micro-organisms with prebiotic ingredients, are a potential means of influencing the hindgut microbiota to promote health and prevent disease. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the influence of an equine probiotic/prebiotic supplement on characteristics of the microbiota and metabolite production in vitro. Equine cecal fluid and fecal material were collected from an abattoir in QC, CAN. Five hundred milliliters of cecal fluid was used to inoculate chemostat vessels maintained as batch fermenters (chemostat cecal, N = 11) with either 0 g (control) or 0.44 g of supplement added at 12 h intervals. One hundred milliliters of cecal fluid (anaerobic cecal, N = 15) or 5% fecal slurry (anaerobic fecal, N = 6) were maintained in an anaerobic chamber with either 0 g (control) or 0.356 g of supplement added at the time of vessel establishment. Samples were taken from vessels at vessel establishment (0), 24, or 48 h of incubation. Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and bioinformatics were performed for microbiome analysis. Metabolite data was obtained via NMR spectroscopy. All statistical analyses were run in SAS 9.4. There was no effect of treatment at 24 or 48h on alpha or beta diversity indices and limited taxonomic differences were noted. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were higher in treated compared to untreated vessels in all methods. A consistent effect of supplementation on the metabolic profile with no discernable impact on the microbiota of these in vitro systems indicates inoculum microbe viability and a utilization of the provided fermentable substrate within the systems. Although no changes within the microbiome were apparent, the consistent changes in metabolites indicates a potential prebiotic effect of the added supplement and merits further exploration. This research investigated the impact of an equine prebiotic/probiotic supplement on the equine cecal microbiota by utilizing an in vitro fermentation system. By using two types of fermentation systems and inocula obtained using a fecal slurry and cecal contents, we evaluated how the addition of the supplement changed the microbial function over the 48 h experimental period. Although the supplement did drastically influence the production of volatile fatty acids produced by the microbes in all systems, the microbial composition did not change. Thus, indicating the supplement did not, in this in vitro context, provide probiotic or prebiotic potential. However, the systems remained viable and the microbes actively metabolized substrate for the duration of the experiment.
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Publication Date: 2023-01-31 PubMed ID: 36715114PubMed Central: PMC9994591DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad034Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studies the effects of a supplement with both probiotics and prebiotics on the gut microbiome and the production of metabolites in horses. Findings indicate a lack of significant alterations in the microbiome composition, but an increased production of certain fatty acids, suggesting a potential prebiotic effect of the supplement.

Objective and Methodology

  • The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of a synbiotic supplement (a supplement that includes both prebiotic ingredients and probiotic organisms) on the gut microbiota and metabolite production in horses.
  • The researchers collected equine cecal fluid and fecal material, which were used to set up batch fermenters – a type of vessel simulating the conditions in the gut to ‘breed’ the bacterial communities found therein.
  • The supplement was added in different amounts at various time intervals to these vessels, and samples were taken at different points to observe the effects on the microbiota and the metabolites produced.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a common method for determining the composition of bacteria in a sample, and NMR spectroscopy, a method to identify metabolites, were the primary techniques used for analysis.

Results

  • The study found no significant changes to either alpha diversity (the variety of microbes within a single sample) or beta diversity (the variety between samples) at either 24 or 48 hours after starting treatment with the supplement.
  • The production of certain fatty acids, namely acetate, propionate, and butyrate, was higher in treated vessels as compared to untreated ones. These fatty acids are a key part of the energy metabolism in horses, suggesting that the supplement may have impacted functions of the gut microbiota.
  • These results suggest that while the supplement did not induce changes to the composition of the microbiota, it had discernable effects on the metabolic profile, making it potentially useful as a prebiotic supplement.

Conclusions

  • The study concludes that while the supplement’s immediate impact was not evident in changing the microbiota, it contributed to increased production of certain metabolites, suggesting its potential as a prebiotic supplement.
  • The researchers note that further studies are warranted to confirm the prebiotic benefits of this supplement in horses.
  • Overall, then, while the effects of the supplement on microbiota composition were less than anticipated, the study suggests a possible alternative approach to probiotic/prebiotic supplementation in horses, focusing on metabolite production rather than just microbiota alteration.

Cite This Article

APA
MacNicol JL, Renwick S, Ganobis CM, Allen-Vercoe E, Weese JS, Pearson W. (2023). The influence of a probiotic/prebiotic supplement on microbial and metabolic parameters of equine cecal fluid or fecal slurry in vitro. J Anim Sci, 101, skad034. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad034

Publication

Journal of animal science
ISSN: 1525-3163
NlmUniqueID: 8003002
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 101
PII: skad034

Researcher Affiliations

MacNicol, Jennifer L
  • Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
Renwick, Simone
  • Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
Ganobis, Caroline M
  • Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
Allen-Vercoe, Emma
  • Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
Weese, Jeffery S
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
Pearson, Wendy
  • Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Prebiotics
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
  • Health Promotion
  • Probiotics / pharmacology
  • Feces / chemistry
  • Synbiotics
  • Microbiota
  • Fermentation

Grant Funding

  • Selected BioProducts INC

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