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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(7); 803; doi: 10.3390/ani12070803

The Second Case of Non-Mosaic Trisomy of Chromosome 26 with Homologous Fusion 26q;26q in the Horse.

Abstract: We present cytogenetic and genotyping analysis of a Thoroughbred foal with congenital neurologic disorders and its phenotypically normal dam. We show that the foal has non-mosaic trisomy for chromosome 26 (ECA26) but normal 2n = 64 diploid number because two copies of ECA26 form a metacentric derivative chromosome der(26q;26q). The dam has normal 64,XX karyotype indicating that der(26q;26q) in the foal originates from errors in parental meiosis or post-fertilization events. Genotyping ECA26 microsatellites in the foal and its dam suggests that trisomy ECA26 is likely of maternal origin and that der(26q;26q) resulted from Robertsonian fusion. We demonstrate that conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches can accurately identify aneuploidy with a derivative chromosome but determining the mechanism and parental origin of the rearrangement requires genotyping with chromosome-specific polymorphic markers. Most curiously, this is the second case of trisomy ECA26 with der(26q;26q) in the horse, whereas all other equine autosomal trisomies are 'traditional' with three separate chromosomes. We discuss possible ECA26 instability as a contributing factor for the aberration and likely ECA26-specific genetic effects on the clinical phenotype. Finally, because ECA26 shares evolutionary homology with human chromosome 21, which trisomy causes Down syndrome, cytogenetic, molecular, and phenotypic similarities between trisomies ECA26 and HSA21 are discussed.
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Publication Date: 2022-03-22 PubMed ID: 35405793PubMed Central: PMC8996834DOI: 10.3390/ani12070803Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article explores the cytogenetic and genotyping analysis of a Thoroughbred foal with congenital neurologic disorders. The study concludes that the foal’s condition is likely due to non-mosaic trisomy of chromosome 26, an abnormality obtained from the mother, resulting in a unique derivative chromosome.

Cytogenetic and Genotyping Analysis in Horses

  • The research starts with the examination of a Thoroughbred foal exhibiting congenital neurologic disorders. The scientists conducted intensive cytogenetic and genotyping analyses on this foal and its phenotypically normal mother.
  • Through their assessment, they determined that the foal has non-mosaic trisomy for chromosome 26 (ECA26), where it possesses three copies of chromosome 26 instead of the standard two. However, the foal’s total number of chromosomes remains normal at 64.
  • Two of the ECA26s have uniquely formed a single metacentric derivative chromosome, designated as der(26q;26q).

Genetic Origin and Decision of the Abnormality

  • The mother horse carries no abnormality, possessing a normal karyotype of 64,XX. With this in mind, the scientists suggest that the foal’s der(26q;26q) chromosome likely emerges from errors during parental meiosis or during post-fertilization events.
  • The occurrence of trisomy ECA26, in this case, is likely to have originated from the mother. The derivative chromosome der(26q;26q) is speculated to be a result of a Robertsonian fusion, an unusual type of chromosomal rearrangement.

Detection and Identification Process of Aneuploidy

  • The study showcases that conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches can be rely upon to pinpoint aneuploidy with a derivative chromosome. However, the identification of the method and parental origin of the rearrangement demands genotyping with chromosome-specific polymorphic markers.

Unique Case of Trisomy ECA26 with der(26q;26q)

  • This anomaly stands out as only the second known case of trisomy ECA26 with der(26q;26q) in horses. In contrast, every other autosomal trisomies in horses involve ‘traditional’ formation with three separate chromosomes.
  • The researchers speculate on possible ECA26 instability as a factor contributing to the aberration, and probable genetic effects from ECA26 on the clinical phenotype of the foal.

Comparative Study with Human Chromosomal Disorders

  • Due to evolutionary homology between horse chromosome 26 (ECA26) and human chromosome 21, whose trisomy leads to Down Syndrome, the research also recognises potential similarities in cytogenetic, molecular, and phenotypic traits between trisomies ECA26 and HSA21 (human chromosome 21).

Cite This Article

APA
Ghosh S, Kjöllerström J, Metcalfe L, Reed S, Juras R, Raudsepp T. (2022). The Second Case of Non-Mosaic Trisomy of Chromosome 26 with Homologous Fusion 26q;26q in the Horse. Animals (Basel), 12(7), 803. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12070803

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 7
PII: 803

Researcher Affiliations

Ghosh, Sharmila
  • Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Kjöllerström, Josefina
  • Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Metcalfe, Laurie
  • Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40580, USA.
Reed, Stephen
  • Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40580, USA.
Juras, Rytis
  • Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Raudsepp, Terje
  • Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

Grant Funding

  • na / Texas A&M Molecular Cytogenetics and Animal Genetics Laboratories

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Ryan CA, Berry DP, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Burke MK, Raudsepp T, Egan S, Doyle JL. Two Cases of Chromosome 27 Trisomy in Horses Detected Using Illumina BeadChip Genotyping. Animals (Basel) 2025 Jun 22;15(13).
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