The threat of midge-borne equine disease: investigation of Culicoides species on UK equine premises.

This research article highlights the presence of potential African Horse Sickness virus vector Culicoides species on UK equine properties, and suggests the possibility of an outbreak if the virus is imported.

Background to the Study

• The research is primarily focused on the investigation of the presence of Culicoides species on UK equine premises. Culicoides are small midges that are known to transmit the African Horse Sickness (AHS) virus.
• AHS is a severe, often fatal, viral disease affecting equids (horses, donkeys, zebras, etc), previously unrecorded in the UK.
• There is concern over potential future outbreaks of this disease in northern Europe and the UK, due to existing suitable climatic conditions and Culicoides species.

Methodology

• This study was conducted on both urban and rural equine properties in the south-east UK.
• DNA analysis using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was carried out on engorged Culicoides, to prove a direct vector-host interaction.

Key Findings

• The study determined the presence of potential AHS virus vectors, specifically Culicoides species, on the surveyed equine properties in the UK.
• The engorged midges contained equine DNA, testifying to a direct interaction between host and vector.

Implications of the Study

• This study indicates that an AHS outbreak could occur in the UK if the virus were to be imported.
• Such an occurrence could lead to devastating welfare and economic consequences, given the severe impact of AHS on horses and the naivety of UK’s equine population to the disease.