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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(10); 1267; doi: 10.3390/ani12101267

The Use of Percutaneous Thermal Sensing Microchips to Measure Body Temperature in Horses during and after Exercise Using Three Different Cool-Down Methods.

Abstract: The frequent monitoring of a horse’s body temperature post strenuous exercise is critical to prevent or alleviate exertional heat illness (EHI) from occurring. Percutaneous thermal sensing microchip (PTSM) technology has the potential to be used as a means of monitoring a horse’s body temperature during and post-exercise. However, the accuracy of the temperature readings obtained, and their relationship to core body temperature are dependent on where they are implanted. This study aimed to document the relationship between core body temperature, and temperature readings obtained using PTSM implanted in different muscles, during exercise and post application of different cool-down methods. PTSMs were implanted into the right pectoral, right gluteal, right splenius muscles, and nuchal ligament. The temperatures were monitored during treadmill exercise, and post application of three different cool-down methods: no water application (Wno), water application only (Wonly), and water application following scraping (Wscraping). Central venous temperature (TCV) and PTSM temperatures from each region were obtained to investigate the optimal body site for microchip implantation. In this study, PTSM technology provided a practical, safe, and quick means of measuring body temperature in horses. However, its temperature readings varied depending on the implantation site. All muscle temperature readings exhibited strong relationships with TCV (r = 0.85~0.92, p < 0.05) after treadmill exercise without human intervention (water application), while the nuchal ligament temperature showed poor relationship with TCV. The relationships between TCV and PTSM temperatures became weaker with water application. Overall, however the pectoral muscle temperature measured by PTSM technology had the most constant relationships with TCV and showed the best potential to act as an alternate means of monitoring body temperature in horses for 50 min post-exercise, when there was no human intervention with cold water application.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-14 PubMed ID: 35625113PubMed Central: PMC9137820DOI: 10.3390/ani12101267Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article aims to understand the correlation between readings of core body temperature in horses and the temperature readings obtained from percutaneous thermal sensing microchips (PTSM) implanted in diverse muscles. The study also evaluates the efficacy of PTSM in monitoring post-exercise body temperature, taking into account the impact of different cool down methods.

Introduction

  • The critical basis of the research lies in the fact that detecting the body temperature change in horses is crucial in preventing or mitigating exertional heat illness (EHI) which develop after strenuous exercise. The introduction recognizes PTSM as a potential technology to monitor these temperature changes during and after exercising.

Methodology

  • To analyze the accuracy of PTSM, chips were implanted into horses’ right pectoral, right gluteal, right splenius muscles, and nuchal ligament. The temperatures in these areas were recorded during exercise and after implementing three cool-down techniques: no water application (Wno), water application only (Wonly), and water application followed by scraping (Wscraping).
  • Simultaneously, the central venous temperature (TCV) and PTSM temperatures from each region were collected to ascertain the most appropriate site for implanting the thermal microchip.

Results

  • The results showed that PTSM offers a safe, practical, and speedy way to measure horse’s body temperature. Nevertheless, the accuracy of temperature readings depended on the area of implantation.
  • All muscle temperature readings showed a strong correlation with TCV (with correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.85 to 0.92, p < 0.05) after the treadmill exercise without human intervention. However, temperature readings from the nuchal ligament showed a weak correlation with TCV.
  • The correlation between TCV and PTSM temperatures weakened with the use of water-application cool down methods.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that from all of the muscles studied, readings from the pectoral muscle measured by PTSM showed the most steady relationships with TCV.
  • The research deduced that without human intervention (cold water application), PTSM implanted in the pectoral muscle could be used to efficiently monitor body temperature in horses for up to 50 minutes after exercise.

Cite This Article

APA
Kang H, Zsoldos RR, Skinner JE, Gaughan JB, Mellor VA, Sole-Guitart A. (2022). The Use of Percutaneous Thermal Sensing Microchips to Measure Body Temperature in Horses during and after Exercise Using Three Different Cool-Down Methods. Animals (Basel), 12(10), 1267. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101267

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 10
PII: 1267

Researcher Affiliations

Kang, Hyungsuk
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Zsoldos, Rebeka R
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Skinner, Jazmine E
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
  • School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
Gaughan, John B
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Mellor, Vincent A
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
Sole-Guitart, Albert
  • School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Kang H, Zsoldos RR, Sole-Guitart A, Narayan E, Cawdell-Smith AJ, Gaughan JB. Heat stress in horses: a literature review. Int J Biometeorol 2023 Jun;67(6):957-973.
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