Tick-borne encephalitis in domestic animals.
Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), represents a serious neural infection of humans in Europe and Asia. The main reservoir hosts of TBEV are ticks, rodents and insectivores, but domestic animals may also be infected with the virus. This review summarizes what is known about TBE in domestic species (e.g., dogs, horses), in which infection may manifest with clinical signs similar to those seen in severe human cases. We also focus on TBE in ruminants where TBE infections are typically asymptomatic and do not cause health problems in the infected hosts. However, the risk to human health is the main problem of asymptomatic infection, because the presence of TBEV in the milk of infected ruminants can serve as a source of TBE infection via the alimentary route. An experimental veterinary vaccine was developed recently, and future vaccination of selected domestic animals is proposed to avoid the development of severe TBE symptoms in sensitive animals (e.g., dogs, horses) or to decrease the risk of alimentary infection in humans (e.g., goats and sheep). Keywords: tick-borne encephalitis; dog; goat; sheep; cow; horse.
Publication Date: 2020-06-20 PubMed ID: 32551790DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_212Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article discusses the occurrence and implications of Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) in domestic animals, their impact on human health and strategies to prevent the illness using vaccination.
About TBE and its Reservoirs
- Tick-borne Encephalitis or TBE is a neural infection in humans primarily spread in Europe and Asia through TBE Virus (TBEV).
- The virus primarily exists in reservoir hosts, those including ticks, rodents, and insectivores. Certain domestic animals may also carry this virus.
TBE in Domestic Animals
- In certain domestic species like dogs and horses, TBE infection can cause clinical symptoms that are similar to severe human cases.
- However, other domestic animals such as ruminants (e.g. cattle, goats, sheep etc.) can be infected with TBEV but display no symptoms. These asymptomatic infections pose no health problems to the animals themselves.
Impact on Human Health
- Despite being asymptomatic in ruminants, these TBE infections can pose serious health risks to humans. This is mainly because the virus could exist in the milk of infected animals.
- As a result, consumption of such milk can cause TBEV infection in humans through the alimentary route, making it a significant issue.
Prevention Strategies – Vaccination
- The research article also addresses the development of an experimental veterinary vaccine to combat TBE.
- The proposition here is to vaccinate selected domestic animals to either prevent severe TBE symptoms in animals that are sensitive to it like dogs and horses, or to decrease the alimentary transmission risk in humans from animals like goats and sheep.
Cite This Article
APA
Salat J, Ruzek D.
(2020).
Tick-borne encephalitis in domestic animals.
Acta Virol, 64(2), 226-232.
https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2020_212 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cattle
- Dogs
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / immunology
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / prevention & control
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / veterinary
- Goats
- Horses
- Sheep
- Viral Vaccines
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- de Heus P, Bagó Z, Weidinger P, Lale D, Trachsel DS, Revilla-Fernández S, Matiasek K, Nowotny N. Severe Neurologic Disease in a Horse Caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Austria, 2021.. Viruses 2023 Sep 29;15(10).
- Kwasnik M, Rola J, Rozek W. Tick-Borne Encephalitis-Review of the Current Status.. J Clin Med 2023 Oct 18;12(20).
- Wójcik-Fatla A, Krzowska-Firych J, Czajka K, Nozdryn-Płotnicka J, Sroka J. The Consumption of Raw Goat Milk Resulted in TBE in Patients in Poland, 2022 "Case Report".. Pathogens 2023 Apr 27;12(5).
- Pascoe EL, de Vries A, Esser HJ, Koenraadt CJM, Sprong H. Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ear tissue and dried blood spots from naturally infected wild rodents.. Parasit Vectors 2023 Mar 16;16(1):103.
- Ribeiro MG, Pereira TT, de Lima Paz PJ, de Almeida BO, Cerviño CSA, Rodrigues CA, Santos GTS, de Souza Freire LM, Portilho FVR, Filho MFÁ, Paschoal NR, Bello TS, Megid J, Langoni H, Appolinário CM, Borges AS, Amorim RM, Giuffrida R, de Oliveira Filho JP, Siqueira AK, Listoni FJP, Paes AC. Bacterial identification in cerebrospinal fluid of domestic species with neurologic signs: a retrospective case-series study in 136 animals (2005-2021).. Braz J Microbiol 2023 Mar;54(1):449-457.
- Fortova A, Hönig V, Salat J, Palus M, Pychova M, Krbkova L, Barkhash AV, Kriha MF, Chrdle A, Lipoldova M, Ruzek D. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a biomarker in paediatric and adult tick-borne encephalitis patients.. Virus Res 2023 Jan 15;324:199020.
- Müller I, Althof N, Hoffmann B, Klaus C, Schilling-Loeffler K, Falkenhagen A, Johne R. Comparison of Extraction Methods for the Detection of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus RNA in Goat Raw Milk and Cream Cheese.. Food Environ Virol 2023 Mar;15(1):32-42.
- Garcia K, Weakley M, Do T, Mir S. Current and Future Molecular Diagnostics of Tick-Borne Diseases in Cattle.. Vet Sci 2022 May 21;9(5).
- Da Rold G, Obber F, Monne I, Milani A, Ravagnan S, Toniolo F, Sgubin S, Zamperin G, Foiani G, Vascellari M, Drzewniokova P, Castellan M, De Benedictis P, Citterio CV. Clinical Tick-Borne Encephalitis in a Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.).. Viruses 2022 Jan 31;14(2).
- Ličková M, Fumačová Havlíková S, Sláviková M, Klempa B. Alimentary Infections by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus.. Viruses 2021 Dec 30;14(1).
- Hubálek Z. History of Arbovirus Research in the Czech Republic.. Viruses 2021 Nov 22;13(11).
- Salat J, Hunady M, Schanilec P, Strakova P, Stefanik M, Svoboda P, Strelcova L, Bojcukova J, Palus M, Růžek D. Experimental and Natural Infections of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Dogs.. Viruses 2021 Oct 9;13(10).
- Chitimia-Dobler L, Lindau A, Oehme R, Bestehorn-Willmann M, Antwerpen M, Drehmann M, Hierl T, Mackenstedt U, Dobler G. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccination Protects from Alimentary TBE Infection: Results from an Alimentary Outbreak.. Microorganisms 2021 Apr 21;9(5).
- Springer A, Glass A, Topp AK, Strube C. Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Temperate and Cold Regions of Europe-A Review on the Prevalence in Domestic Animals.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:604910.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
