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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Trialling Locally Made, Low-Cost Bits to Improve Bit-Related...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 13(1); 2; doi: 10.3390/ani13010002

Trialling Locally Made, Low-Cost Bits to Improve Bit-Related Welfare Problems in Cart Horses: Findings from a Study in Senegal.

Abstract: Bits used for cart horses in Senegal are typically made of recovered construction iron and often have defects related to design, shape, fit and metal quality. Consequently, there is widespread presence of bit-related oral injury amongst these equids. It was hypothesised that improving bit design would ameliorate bit-related welfare issues for working cart horses. This study aimed to develop locally made alternative bit prototypes and test their efficacy as less harmful to working horses, and their acceptability to their drivers. Eight animal-based welfare indicators (four physical and four behavioural) were designed to measure positive or negative effects of the new bits. Following a testing phase to appraise and mitigate potential animal welfare risk associated with the alternative bit designs, a total of 540 driver/horse combinations were opportunistically selected across five municipalities in Senegal. Welfare indicators were observed when new bits were introduced and again after 21 weeks of daily use. The results indicated statistically significant improvements in all welfare indicators measured (i.e., lesions on lip commissures, tongue, buccal mucosa and bars; and open mouth, tongue loll, head toss/shake, and head tilt/turn behaviours). None of the drivers reported any difficulty with horse control, nor chose to revert back to their original bits. Whilst acknowledging the limitation of inability to control all potential confounding variables, these preliminary findings suggest the bit itself as an important contributor to oral injury, and the possibility to improve this through alternative bit design that is low-cost, locally produced and acceptable to drivers.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-20 PubMed ID: 36611612PubMed Central: PMC9817802DOI: 10.3390/ani13010002Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study discusses how modifying the design of horse cart bits made in Senegal helps reduce injuries to the horses and is well-accepted by the animals’ drivers. The research indicates that the locally produced, low-cost bits could improve animal welfare conditions.

Background of the research

  • The article focuses its attention on the welfare issues related to working cart horses in Senegal, specifically the oral injuries they suffer due to the bits (the piece that goes in the horse’s mouth for control).
  • These bits are traditionally crafted from recovered construction iron, often resulting in design defects, improper fit, and poor metal quality, leading to oral injuries in the horses.
  • The research hypothesises that an improved bit design could alleviate these welfare problems and contribute to better health and livability for working horses.

Study Details

  • To prove this hypothesis, the researchers developed locally made alternative bit prototypes. These prototypes aimed to be less harmful to the horses and acceptable to the drivers.
  • They used eight animal-based welfare indicators, comprised of four physical and four behavioural factors, to measure the effects of the new bits.
  • After a testing phase to assess and reduce possible animal welfare risks related to the alternative bit designs, the researchers selected 540 driver/horse combinations across five municipalities in Senegal.

Test Method and Findings

  • The researchers observed the welfare indicators when the new bits were introduced and again after 21 weeks of daily use to measure the effectiveness of the new bits.
  • Results showed significant improvements in all welfare indicators measured. This improvement was observed in physical conditions like lesions on the lip, tongue, buccal mucosa, and bars, and behavioural problems such as open mouth, tongue loll, head toss/shake, and head tilt/turn.
  • Importantly, none of the drivers reported any issues controlling their horses with the new bits. Also, none chose to return to their original bits after the trial.

Layman’s Interpretation and Limitations

  • From these results, it appears that the bit’s design and quality significantly contribute to oral injuries among cart horses. By switching to a more refined, locally-produced design, these injuries could be substantially reduced.
  • Furthermore, the fact that the drivers did not report any negative experiences with the new bits and did not wish to switch back to their original bits indicates that the new design was well-accepted.
  • However, as the researchers themselves acknowledge, this study had some limitations in controlling other potential factors that might influence the horse’s welfare. Thus, while the results are promising, they are preliminary and require further testing and observation.

Cite This Article

APA
Seck M, Jobling R, Brown AF. (2022). Trialling Locally Made, Low-Cost Bits to Improve Bit-Related Welfare Problems in Cart Horses: Findings from a Study in Senegal. Animals (Basel), 13(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010002

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
PII: 2

Researcher Affiliations

Seck, Mactar
  • Brooke West Africa, Dakar 22482, Senegal.
Jobling, Ruth
  • Brooke UK, London EC3A 2BJ, UK.
Brown, Ashleigh F
  • Brooke UK, London EC3A 2BJ, UK.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Mactar Seck is employed by (a charity registered in Senegal). Ruth Jobling and Ashleigh F. Brown are employed by (a charity registered in the United Kingdom). This study was funded through Brooke’s Innovation Fund, which is managed by the latter organisation. The authors declare no additional conflicts of interest.

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