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Journal of biomechanics2010; 44(4); 719-724; doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.038

True stress and Poisson’s ratio of tendons during loading.

Abstract: Excessive axial tension is very likely involved in the aetiology of tendon lesions, and the most appropriate indicator of tendon stress state is the true stress, the ratio of instantaneous load to instantaneous cross-sectional area (CSA). Difficulties to measure tendon CSA during tension often led to approximate true stress by assuming that CSA is constant during loading (i.e. by the engineering stress) or that tendon is incompressible, implying a Poisson's ratio of 0.5, although these hypotheses have never been tested. The objective of this study was to measure tendon CSA variation during quasi-static tensile loading, in order to assess the true stress to which the tendon is subjected and its Poisson's ratio. Eight equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT, about 30cm long) were tested in tension until failure while the CSA of each tendon was measured in its metacarpal part by means of a linear laser scanner. Axial elongation and load were synchronously recorded during the test. CSA was found to linearly decrease with strain, with a mean decrease at failure of -10.7±2.8% (mean±standard deviation). True stress at failure was 7.1-13.6% higher than engineering stress, while stress estimation under the hypothesis of incompressibility differed from true stress of -6.6 to 2.3%. Average Poisson's ratio was 0.55±0.12 and did not significantly vary with load. From these results on equine SDFT it was demonstrated that tendon in axial quasi-static tension can be considered, at first approximation, as an incompressible material.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2010-11-26 PubMed ID: 21112587DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.038Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is a study conducted to understand and measure the changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of tendons under tensile load, in order to accurately determine the ‘true stress’ that tendons experience, as well as their Poisson’s ratio.

Objective of The Study

  • The main objective of the research was to ascertain the true stress experienced by tendons during tensile loading by measuring their CSA variation. Simultaneously, the investigators tried to evaluate the Poisson’s ratio of tendons.

Methodology

  • The study involved testing eight equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT) that were approximately 30 cm long.
  • These tendons were put under tension until they were unable to bear the load. The consequent reduction in their CSA was measured by a linear laser scanner.
  • The elongation of the tendons under load and the applied load itself were recorded at the same time. It was found that the CSA of the tendons decreased linearly as the strain on them increased.

Results and Observations

  • The mean decrease in CSA at the time of tendon failure was -10.7±2.8%.
  • The ‘true stress’ experienced by the tendons at failure was found to be between 7.1 to 13.6% higher than the ‘engineering stress’, which is normally an approximation used when it’s difficult to measure CSA.
  • The estimated stress under the assumption of incompressibility of tendons differed from true stress by -6.6 to 2.3%.
  • The average Poisson’s ratio was calculated as 0.55±0.12 and was found to not vary significantly with the load.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that at a basic level, tendon under axial quasi-static tension can be treated as incompressible material.
  • This conclusion changes prior understandings where simplified models and hypotheses had to be utilized due to the difficulty in measuring CSA during tension.

Cite This Article

APA
Vergari C, Pourcelot P, Holden L, Ravary-Plumioën B, Gerard G, Laugier P, Mitton D, Crevier-Denoix N. (2010). True stress and Poisson’s ratio of tendons during loading. J Biomech, 44(4), 719-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.038

Publication

Journal of biomechanics
ISSN: 1873-2380
NlmUniqueID: 0157375
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 44
Issue: 4
Pages: 719-724

Researcher Affiliations

Vergari, Claudio
  • USC INRA-ENVA, Biomécanique et Pathologie Locomotrice du Cheval, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France. c.vergari@gmail.com
Pourcelot, Philippe
    Holden, Laurène
      Ravary-Plumioën, Bérangère
        Gerard, Guillaume
          Laugier, Pascal
            Mitton, David
              Crevier-Denoix, Nathalie

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Compressive Strength / physiology
                • Computer Simulation
                • Horses
                • Models, Biological
                • Stress, Mechanical
                • Tendons / physiology
                • Tensile Strength / physiology
                • Weight-Bearing / physiology

                Citations

                This article has been cited 18 times.
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