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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Reining Quarter Horses durin...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(5); doi: 10.3390/ani12050596

Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Reining Quarter Horses during Trot In-Hand, on the Lunge and during Ridden Exercise.

Abstract: Veterinary lameness examinations often comprise assessing ridden horses. Quantitative movement symmetry measurements can aid evidence-based decision making. While these are available for ‘English’ style riding, they are not for ‘Western’ style riding. This quantitative observational study quantified movement symmetry in reining Quarter Horses (QHs). Movement symmetry of the head, withers and sacrum (differences between minima, maxima and upward amplitudes) were quantified with inertial sensors in N = 30 medium/high level reining QHs during trot in-hand, on the lunge and ridden by one experienced rider (straight-line/circles) on reining-purpose riding surfaces. Mixed linear models for movement symmetry assessed the effects of ridden exercise and movement direction (fixed factors), stride time (covariate) and horse (random factor): single factors and two-way interactions with Bonferroni correction at p < 0.05. Three withers and pelvic parameters showed marginally more symmetrical movement when ridden (p ≤ 0.044; 1−5 mm differences). Three withers, three sacrum and one head parameter were significantly affected by movement direction (all p ≤ 0.026), five showed increased asymmetry on the inside rein, and two, quantifying vertical displacement maximum difference, showed the opposite. Riding QHs in ‘Western’ style showed small movement symmetry differences. Circular exercise confirmed increases in weight bearing asymmetry on the inside rein and in pushoff asymmetry on the outside rein. This should be further investigated for differentiating between different causes of lameness.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-27 PubMed ID: 35268165PubMed Central: PMC8909210DOI: 10.3390/ani12050596Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study is an analysis of how reining Quarter Horses (QHs) move during different types of exercise. Potential variations in movement are studied by various means, including measurements of movement symmetry. The findings could be useful in diagnosing lameness in horses.

Objective and Methodology of the Study

  • The main goal of this research was to measure movement symmetry in medium/high level reining Quarter Horses during different forms of exercise – trot in-hand, on the lunge and ridden exercise.
  • The methodology for gathering data included the use of inertial sensors to quantify the symmetry of movements in the head, withers (the highest part of the back at the base of the neck), and sacrum (part of the pelvis at the base of the spine).
  • Data was collected from 30 horses, all ridden by the same experienced rider, on straight-line paths and circles on surfaces intended for reining.
  • The effects of the ridden exercise and movement direction were assessed using mixed linear models for movement symmetry, adjusted for effects due to stride time and individual horse differences.
  • The study considered single factors and two-way interactions with Bonferroni correction, a method used in statistics to adjust for multiple comparisons. The typical statistical significance cutoff of p<0.05 was applied.

Key Findings of the Research

  • The study found that three withers and pelvic parameters displayed marginally more symmetrical movement when ridden; differences were between 1-5mm (p≤0.044), suggesting that riding potentially affects horse movement symmetry.
  • Three withers, three sacrum, and one head parameter were significantly influenced by direction of movement (p≤0.026).
  • Five parameters showed increased asymmetry when horses were moving on the inside rein, while two parameters – both quantifying vertical displacement maximum difference – showed the opposite pattern.
  • Overall, riding Quarter Horses in ‘Western’ style has small but significant effects on movement symmetry.
  • Circular exercise led to increased weight bearing asymmetry on the inside rein and increased pushoff asymmetry on the outside rein.

Impact and Implications of the Research

  • The study brings new insights into the possible impact of Western-style riding on horses’ movement symmetry.
  • Moreover, the findings emphasize the importance of taking different forms of exercise and riding styles into account for equine veterinary examinations.
  • As the research indicates the presence of certain types of asymmetry linked to specific causes of lameness, future research could explore this subject in more detail and develop diagnostic tools for veterinary practitioners.

Cite This Article

APA
Pfau T, Scott WM, Sternberg Allen T. (2022). Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Reining Quarter Horses during Trot In-Hand, on the Lunge and during Ridden Exercise. Animals (Basel), 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050596

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 5

Researcher Affiliations

Pfau, Thilo
  • Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
  • Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Scott, W Michael
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Sternberg Allen, Tabitha
  • Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.

Conflict of Interest Statement

T.P. is owner of EquiGait Ltd., a company offering gait analysis products and services. This does not alter our adherence to policies on sharing data and materials.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
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