Using semi-automated segmentation of computed tomography datasets for three-dimensional visualization and volume measurements of equine paranasal sinuses.
Abstract: The system of the paranasal sinuses morphologically represents one of the most complex parts of the equine body. A clear understanding of spatial relationships is needed for correct diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy and volume of equine paranasal sinuses using three-dimensional (3D) reformatted renderings of computed tomography (CT) slices. Heads of 18 cadaver horses, aged 2-25 years, were analyzed by the use of separate semi-automated segmentation of the following bilateral paranasal sinus compartments: rostral maxillary sinus (Sinus maxillaris rostralis), ventral conchal sinus (Sinus conchae ventralis), caudal maxillary sinus (Sinus maxillaris caudalis), dorsal conchal sinus (Sinus conchae dorsalis), frontal sinus (Sinus frontalis), sphenopalatine sinus (Sinus sphenopalatinus), and middle conchal sinus (Sinus conchae mediae). Reconstructed structures were displayed separately, grouped, or altogether as transparent or solid elements to visualize individual paranasal sinus morphology. The paranasal sinuses appeared to be divided into two systems by the maxillary septum (Septum sinuum maxillarium). The first or rostral system included the rostral maxillary and ventral conchal sinus. The second or caudal system included the caudal maxillary, dorsal conchal, frontal, sphenopalatine, and middle conchal sinuses. These two systems overlapped and were interlocked due to the oblique orientation of the maxillary septum. Total volumes of the paranasal sinuses ranged from 911.50 to 1502.00 ml (mean ± SD, 1151.00 ± 186.30 ml). 3D renderings of equine paranasal sinuses by use of semi-automated segmentation of CT-datasets improved understanding of this anatomically challenging region.
© 2013 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound.
Publication Date: 2013-07-26 PubMed ID: 23890087DOI: 10.1111/vru.12080Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The researchers used semi-automated segmentation of CT datasets to better understand and visualize the complex system of horse paranasal sinuses. Information gathered from these 3D images provided insight on the structure and volume of these sinus systems, which can aid diagnosis and treatment of equine sinus issues.
Study Method
- The study involved the examination of the heads of 18 deceased horses, ranging from 2 to 25 years old. These heads were examined using semi-automated segmentation of computed tomography (CT) scans.
- Using these 3D imagery techniques, the researchers were able to visualize several structures within the equine paranasal sinus system, including the rostral maxillary sinus, ventral conchal sinus, caudal maxillary sinus, dorsal conchal sinus, frontal sinus, sphenopalatine sinus, and middle conchal sinus.
- The reconstructed images of these structures were then displayed in various forms – separately, grouped, or all together. They were also shown as either transparent or solid elements, to allow for a thorough examination of individual paranasal sinus structures.
Findings
- The researchers found that the equine paranasal sinuses were divided into two main systems by the maxillary septum, a wall dividing the sinus cavity. The first or rostral system comprised of the rostral maxillary and ventral conchal sinus, while the second or caudal system consisted of the caudal maxillary, dorsal conchal, frontal, sphenopalatine, and middle conchal sinuses.
- The two systems were found to overlap and interlock due to the oblique (slanted) orientation of the maxillary septum.
- Volume measurements of the paranasal sinuses found them to range from 911.50 to 1502.00 milliliters, with an average volume of 1151.00 ± 186.30 milliliters.
Conclusion
- The study demonstrated that semi-automated segmentation of CT datasets can greatly improve understanding of the complex anatomy of the equine paranasal sinuses.
- This methodology can assist in diagnosing and treating various equine sinus issues, as well as contribute to academic understanding of this morphologically complex and intricate part of the equine body.
Cite This Article
APA
Brinkschulte M, Bienert-Zeit A, Lüpke M, Hellige M, Staszyk C, Ohnesorge B.
(2013).
Using semi-automated segmentation of computed tomography datasets for three-dimensional visualization and volume measurements of equine paranasal sinuses.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 54(6), 582-590.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12080 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cadaver
- Female
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Male
- Paranasal Sinuses / anatomy & histology
- Paranasal Sinuses / diagnostic imaging
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Stieger-Vanegas SM, Hanna AL. The Role of Computed Tomography in Imaging Non-neurologic Disorders of the Head in Equine Patients.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:798216.
- Goodarzi N, Zehtabvar O, Tohidifar M. Applied anatomy of the skull in the Arabian horse: A computed tomographic, cross-sectional, volumetric and morphometric study.. Vet Med Sci 2021 Nov;7(6):2225-2233.
- Van Houtte J, Vandenberghe F, Zheng G, Huysmans T, Sijbers J. EquiSim: An Open-Source Articulatable Statistical Model of the Equine Distal Limb.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:623318.
- Köhler L, Schulz-Kornas E, Vervuert I, Gittel C, Winter K, Berner D, Gerlach K. Volumetric measurements of paranasal sinuses and examination of sinonasal communication in healthy Shetland ponies: anatomical and morphometric characteristics using computed tomography.. BMC Vet Res 2021 Jan 21;17(1):41.
- Teeling KP, Werling D, Berner D. Preliminary Volumetric Calculation of the Mucosal Surface in the Nares of Lambs Using a Segmentation of Computed Tomographic Images.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:620647.
- Schwieder A, Pfarrer C, Ohnesorge B, Staszyk C, Bienert-Zeit A. Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences.. Acta Vet Scand 2020 Jun 23;62(1):34.
- Kaminsky J, Bienert-Zeit A, Hellige M, Rohn K, Ohnesorge B. Comparison of image quality and in vivo appearance of the normal equine nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in computed tomography and high field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging.. BMC Vet Res 2016 Jan 19;12:13.
- Brinkschulte M, Bienert-Zeit A, Lüpke M, Hellige M, Ohnesorge B, Staszyk C. The sinonasal communication in the horse: examinations using computerized three-dimensional reformatted renderings of computed-tomography datasets.. BMC Vet Res 2014 Mar 19;10:72.
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