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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Utility of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in the dia...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2018; 32(5); 1726-1730; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15254

Utility of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.

Abstract: Accurate antemortem EPM diagnosis requires evidence of intrathecal antibody production. Some advocate the use of acute phase proteins in addition to serology, which alone results in substantial false positives. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if serum C-reactive protein (CRP) or serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were elevated in cases of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) compared to other neurological diseases. Methods: 25 clinical cases of equine neurological disease: EPM (10), cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) (10), neuroborreliosis (2), equine motor neuron disease (1), degenerative myelopathy (1), and leukoencephalomalacia (1). Methods: Serum and CSF CRP and SAA were measured. Selection criteria included neurologic disease, antemortem diagnosis of EPM or CVSM, or postmortem diagnosis of EPM, CVSM, or other neurologic disease, and availability of serological results and archived samples for testing. Results: Serum SAA and serum CRP levels were generally undetectable or low in horses with EPM (median CRP ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1-14.4 mg/L; median SAA ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1-6.11 mg/L) and CVSM (median CRP ≤0.1, ≤0.1-2.41 mg/L; median SAA ≤0.1mg/L, ≤0.1-13.88 mg/L). CSF CRP and SAA for horses with EPM (median CRP 3.35 mg/l, 0.19-13.43 mg/l; median SAA ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1-2.4 mg/L) and CVSM (median CRP 4.015 mg/L, 0.16-9.62 mg/L; median SAA 0.62 mg/L, ≤0.1-2.91 mg/L) were also undetectable or low. Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistically significant differences between serum CRP (P = .14), serum SAA (P = .79), spinal fluid CRP (P = .65), or spinal fluid SAA between horses with EPM and CVSM (P = .52). Conclusions: Neither SAA nor CRP in serum or CSF aid diagnosis of EPM.
© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2018-09-14 PubMed ID: 30216559PubMed Central: PMC6189384DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15254Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study aimed to assess whether levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) or serum amyloid A (SAA) were higher in horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in comparison to horses with other neurological diseases. The results revealed that CRP and SAA levels were generally low or undetectable in EPM cases and neither of these markers significantly aided the diagnosis of EPM.

Study Objective and Methods

  • The goal of the study was to determine whether serum CRP or SAA concentrations could be used to diagnose cases of EPM, a major health issue in horses.
  • The current process for EPM diagnosis requires evidence of intrathecal (within a sheath) antibody production and some suggest the inclusion of acute phase proteins along with serology for more accurate results.
  • The researchers measured CRP and SAA levels in serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) in 25 clinical cases of equine neurological diseases.
  • The diseases included EPM, cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM), neuroborreliosis, equine motor neuron disease, degenerative myelopathy, and leukoencephalomalacia.
  • Eligibility for selection was based on neurological disease, antemortem diagnosis of EPM or CVSM, or postmortem diagnosis of EPM, CVSM, or other neurological disease, plus the availability of serological results and archived samples for testing.

Study Results

  • The researchers found that horses with EPM and CVSM typically have low or undetectable concentrations of SAA and CRP in their serum and CSF.
  • The researchers used the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test to compare groups and found no statistically significant difference between the levels of either serum or spinal fluid CRP and SAA in horses with EPM and horses with CVSM.

Study Conclusion

  • The study concluded that neither SAA nor CRP markers in serum or CSF aid in the diagnosis of EPM.
  • Thus, it was determined that these markers would not be beneficial additions to the current diagnostic process for EPM.

Cite This Article

APA
Mittelman NS, Stefanovski D, Johnson AL. (2018). Utility of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. J Vet Intern Med, 32(5), 1726-1730. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15254

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 32
Issue: 5
Pages: 1726-1730

Researcher Affiliations

Mittelman, Neil S
  • From the Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA (Mittelman, Stefanovski, Johnson).
Stefanovski, Darko
  • From the Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA (Mittelman, Stefanovski, Johnson).
Johnson, Amy L
  • From the Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA (Mittelman, Stefanovski, Johnson).

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Protozoan / blood
  • Biomarkers
  • C-Reactive Protein / metabolism
  • Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections / blood
  • Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections / diagnosis
  • Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Arfuso F, Rizzo M, Giannetto C, Giudice E, Piccione G, Fazio F, Cirincione R, Cassata G, Cicero L. Inflammatory-like status and acute stress response in horses after road transport.. Sci Rep 2023 Jun 17;13(1):9858.
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  2. Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):147-160.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.12.005pubmed: 32007299google scholar: lookup
  3. Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values.. Front Mol Biosci 2019;6:91.
    doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091pubmed: 31750312google scholar: lookup
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