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Home / Equine Research Bank / Emerg Infect Dis / Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, southern Mexico.
Emerging infectious diseases2005; 10(12); 2113-2121; doi: 10.3201/eid1012.040393

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, southern Mexico.

Abstract: Equine epizootics of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) occurred in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas in 1993 and Oaxaca in 1996. To assess the impact of continuing circulation of VEE virus (VEEV) on human and animal populations, serologic and viral isolation studies were conducted in 2000 to 2001 in Chiapas State. Human serosurveys and risk analyses indicated that long-term endemic transmission of VEEV occurred among villages with seroprevalence levels of 18% to 75% and that medical personnel had a high risk for VEEV exposure. Seroprevalence in wild animals suggested cotton rats as possible reservoir hosts in the region. Virus isolations from sentinel animals and genetic characterizations of these strains indicated continuing circulation of a subtype IE genotype, which was isolated from equines during the recent VEE outbreaks. These data indicate long-term enzootic and endemic VEEV circulation in the region and continued risk for disease in equines and humans.
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Publication Date: 2005-01-25 PubMed ID: 15663847PubMed Central: PMC3323369DOI: 10.3201/eid1012.040393Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article focuses on the ongoing transmission of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) in southern Mexico and its potential impact on both human and animal populations.

Context of the Study

  • The study was undertaken in the wake of equine epizootics of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) that occurred in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas in 1993 and Oaxaca in 1996.
  • The research aimed at understanding the impact of continuing circulation of VEEV on human and animal populations.

Methodology

  • The researchers conducted serologic (blood serum) and viral isolation studies in the period 2000 to 2001 in the state of Chiapas.
  • A combination of human serosurveys (surveys of blood serum in a population to measure the incidence of antigenic substances, specifically the VEEV in this case) and risk analyses were used to understand the extent and impact of the virus.

Key Findings

  • Results indicated long-term endemic transmission of VEEV occurred among villages with seroprevalence levels (the level of a pathogen’s presence in the population’s blood serum) of 18% to 75%.
  • Medical personnel were found to be at high risk for VEEV exposure.
  • Seroprevalence in wild animals suggested the possible function of cotton rats as reservoir hosts in the region, meaning this species could be harboring and enabling the continuous circulation of the virus.
  • Virus isolations from sentinel animals (animals used to detect risks of diseases before they occur in humans) and genetic characterizations of these strains indicated an ongoing circulation of a subtype IE genotype. This specific strain had been isolated from equines during the recent VEE outbreaks, signalling its persistence in the region.

Conclusion

  • The research concludes that there is long-term enzootic (prevalence of a disease in animals) and endemic VEEV circulation in the region, posing continued risk for disease in equines and humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Estrada-Franco JG, Navarro-Lopez R, Freier JE, Cordova D, Clements T, Moncayo A, Kang W, Gomez-Hernandez C, Rodriguez-Dominguez G, Ludwig GV, Weaver SC. (2005). Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, southern Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis, 10(12), 2113-2121. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.040393

Publication

Emerging infectious diseases
ISSN: 1080-6040
NlmUniqueID: 9508155
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 12
Pages: 2113-2121

Researcher Affiliations

Estrada-Franco, José G
  • University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609, USA.
Navarro-Lopez, Roberto
    Freier, Jerome E
      Cordova, Dionicio
        Clements, Tamara
          Moncayo, Abelardo
            Kang, Wenli
              Gomez-Hernandez, Carlos
                Rodriguez-Dominguez, Gabriela
                  Ludwig, George V
                    Weaver, Scott C

                      MeSH Terms

                      • Animals
                      • Animals, Wild / virology
                      • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / genetics
                      • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / isolation & purification
                      • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / epidemiology
                      • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / veterinary
                      • Genome, Viral
                      • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                      • Horse Diseases / virology
                      • Horses
                      • Humans
                      • Mexico / epidemiology
                      • Phylogeny
                      • RNA, Viral
                      • Risk Factors
                      • Sentinel Surveillance
                      • Seroepidemiologic Studies

                      Grant Funding

                      • AI48807 / NIAID NIH HHS
                      • N01AI25489 / NIAID NIH HHS
                      • AI39800 / NIAID NIH HHS
                      • N01-AI25489 / NIAID NIH HHS
                      • R01 AI048807 / NIAID NIH HHS

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