When radiography and ultrasonography are not enough: the use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for equine lameness cases.

The research article addresses the utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) in diagnosing equine lameness which has led to improved patient outcomes due to these advanced imaging techniques.

Basic Principles and Comparison of MRI and CT

• The article begins with an overview of the underlying principles of MRI and CT. MRI makes use of a strong magnetic field and radio waves to generate images, while CT uses ionizing radiation.
• The article further highlights the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. Some benefits of using MRI and CT are their ability to provide detailed images, especially in complex anatomical structures like the head and spine. Drawbacks may include the cost, animal size limitations, and the need for anesthesia.

Types of Equipment used for Horses

• In the context of imaging for horses, the article presents a discussion on the various types of equipment available for clinical use, including high-field and low-field scanners for MRI, and multi-slice and single slice scanners for CT.

Diagnostic Workup prior to Advanced Imaging

• The authors give guidelines on the typical diagnostic workup before initiating advanced imaging. This typically includes a physical examination, a basic lameness assessment, and imaging with radiography and ultrasonography first. Only when these initial steps are insufficient for diagnosis or when surgery planning is needed are MRI and CT examination carried out.

Common Regions for MRI and CT use

• The article speaks about the common regions in horses where MRI and CT are clinically used, such as head, neck, spine and limbs.

Future Directions: Positron Emission Tomography

• The forthcoming research in equine imaging is discussed, most notably the use of positron emission tomography (otherwise known as PET scans). It is posited that advancements in these technologies could potentially allow for improved imaging of standing horses and screening for injury prevention.