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BMC veterinary research2017; 13(1); 121; doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1040-5

White muscle disease in foals: focus on selenium soil content. A case series.

Abstract: White muscle disease (WMD) is a nutritional myopathy caused by selenium (Se) deficiency. In most soils, Se is present in low concentrations, sometimes even below 0.2 mg/kg, a trend which is seen in many countries. Apart from total soil Se concentrations, soil conditions may be such that the bio-availability of Se is so low that it causes very low uptake in plants which can ultimately lead to deficiency problems in animals. This is the first case series to report clinical WMD in foals in areas deficient in Se, in the Netherlands. The aim of the current report is to provide an overview of the clinical history, symptoms and (clinical) pathology of 8 newborn foals living at 4 different premises and suffering from WMD together with the effectiveness of Se and vitamin E (Vit E) supplementation in the affected foals, their dams and herd members. Hands on practical information is provided to apply a correct and effective Se supplementation management in horses and which pitfalls need to be avoided for a successful approach. Methods: Case features and history were mapped out for all foals. Se and Vit E status were assessed for the foals, their dams and herd members, at admission and after 3 months of Vit E/Se supplementation. Common symptoms were muscle weakness, inability to rise, lethargy and inadequate suckle reflex together with increased serum muscle enzymes and low glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and low to normal serum vit E levels. Necropsy revealed necrosis of skeletal muscles consistent with nutritional myopathy. Se status of the dams and herd members correlated well with the Se status of the foals. All surviving foals (n = 6) showed normal Vit E and GSH-Px levels after supplementation, likewise, all horses tested at premises 1, 3 and 4. However, dams and herd members in premises 2 showed no normalization. Horses of that premises were diagnosed with pyrrolizidine intoxication one year prior to the study. Conclusions: Certain regions in the Netherlands are sufficiently Se deficient to predispose newborn foals to develop WMD, especially when they are being fed a diet that mainly consists of locally harvested roughage.
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Publication Date: 2017-05-03 PubMed ID: 28468621PubMed Central: PMC5415829DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1040-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper explores the clinical impact of selenium deficiencies in soils, causing White Muscle Disease (WMD) in foals in the Netherlands. It examines the symptoms and pathology of the disease, the effect of selenium and Vitamin E supplementation, and discusses practical methods for appropriate supplementation.

Study Objectives and Methodology

  • This study aims to assess the extent of selenium deficiency as a causal factor in cases of WMD in foals in the Netherlands. It also aims to evaluate selenium supplementation’s effectiveness in treating WMD.
  • It explores the symptoms, clinical history, and pathology of eight newborn foals from four different premises suffering from WMD.
  • Data on selenium and Vitamin E status were collected from affected foals, their dams, and other herd members. This was taken at the start of the study and after three months of Vitamin E/selenium supplementation.
  • Information on clinical symptoms, serum muscle enzyme levels, and glutathione peroxidase levels were also gathered.

Key Findings

  • The common symptoms of WMD included muscle weakness, an inability to rise, lethargy, and poor suckle reflex.
  • In addition, affected foals showed increased serum muscle enzymes and low glutathione peroxidase levels alongside low to normal Vitamin E levels.
  • Upon evaluation, these symptoms and conditions were consistent with nutritional myopathy, pointing out low selenium as the cause.
  • Selenium status between the affected foals and their dams and herd members were found to be closely related.
  • After the three-month selenium and Vitamin E supplementation period, all surviving foals and most tested horses showed normal levels. However, the horses from one premises (premises two) did not show the same improvement.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • According to the findings of this study, selenium deficiency in certain regions in the Netherlands has been seen as a potential risk for newborn foals to develop WMD, especially when their diet is predominantly locally harvested roughage.
  • Selenium and Vitamin E supplementation significantly improved the condition of the foals and other horses, suggesting it as an effective treatment. However, attention should be given in cases where other conditions may be present that can affect the normalization process, such as pyrrolizidine intoxication in the case at premises two.
  • In light of these findings, the researchers provide practical information on managing selenium supplementation effectively in horses and avoiding potential challenges.

Cite This Article

APA
Delesalle C, de Bruijn M, Wilmink S, Vandendriessche H, Mol G, Boshuizen B, Plancke L, Grinwis G. (2017). White muscle disease in foals: focus on selenium soil content. A case series. BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 121. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1040-5

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 121
PII: 121

Researcher Affiliations

Delesalle, Catherine
  • Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Catherine.Delesalle@UGent.be.
de Bruijn, Marco
  • Wolvega Equine Hospital, Weststellingwerf, The Netherlands.
Wilmink, Sanne
  • Wolvega Equine Hospital, Weststellingwerf, The Netherlands.
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset, UK.
Vandendriessche, Hilde
  • Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven and Soil Service of Belgium, Leuven, Belgium.
Mol, Gerben
  • Alterra, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Boshuizen, Berit
  • Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
  • Wolvega Equine Hospital, Weststellingwerf, The Netherlands.
Plancke, Lukas
  • Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Grinwis, Guy
  • Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Belgium / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Horses
  • Netherlands / epidemiology
  • Selenium / analysis
  • Selenium / deficiency
  • Soil / chemistry
  • White Muscle Disease / epidemiology
  • White Muscle Disease / etiology

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Citations

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