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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 12(1); 4; doi: 10.3390/ani12010004

Within-Breath Oscillatory Mechanics in Horses Affected by Severe Equine Asthma in Exacerbation and in Remission of the Disease.

Abstract: Oscillometry is a technique that measures the resistance (R) and the reactance (X) of the respiratory system. In humans, analysis of inspiratory and expiratory R and X allows to identify the presence of tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFLt). The aim of this study was to describe inspiratory and expiratory R and X measured by impulse oscillometry system (IOS) in horses with severe asthma (SEA) when in clinical remission ( = 7) or in exacerbation ( = 7) of the condition. Seven healthy, age-matched control horses were also studied. Data at 3, 5, and 7 Hz with coherence > 0.85 at 3 Hz and >0.9 at 5 and 7 Hz were considered. The mean, inspiratory and expiratory R and X and the difference between inspiratory and expiratory X (ΔX) were calculated at each frequency. The data from the three groups were statistically compared. Results indicated that in horses during exacerbation of severe asthma, X during expiratory phase is more negative than during inspiration, such as in humans in presence of EFLt. The evaluation of X during inspiration is promising in discriminating between horses with SEA in remission and control horses.
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Publication Date: 2021-12-21 PubMed ID: 35011110PubMed Central: PMC8749667DOI: 10.3390/ani12010004Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper investigates how Oscillometry, a technique measuring respiratory system resistance and reactance, aids in identifying the changes in horses suffering from Severe Equine Asthma (SEA) during the stages of remission and exacerbation of the disease.

Technique used and the Purpose of the Study

  • The paper focuses on the Oscillometry technique, which measures the resistance (denoted as R) and the reactance (denoted as X) of the respiratory system. In humans, inspecting the inspiratory (breathing in) and expiratory (breathing out) R and X can highlight the existence of flow limitation while exhaling (EFLt).
  • The primary objective of this research was to analyze inspiratory and expiratory R and X using an impulse oscillometry system (IOS) in horses diagnosed with severe asthma (SEA), during both the periods of clinical remission and exacerbation.

Study Design and Participants

  • The study incorporated a total of 21 horses. Among these, 14 horses diagnosed with SEA were further divided into two equal groups of 7 each. One group was observed during the phase of their clinical remission, and the other during the exacerbation phase of the disease.
  • Seven healthy horses were also included in the examination and served as age-matched controls.

Procedure and Data Collection

  • Assessment was conducted at different frequencies of 3, 5, and 7 Hz, with data considered for analysis only when the coherence was greater than 0.85 at 3 Hz and more than 0.9 at 5 and 7 Hz.
  • At each frequency, they calculated the mean, along with inspiratory and expiratory R and X, and the difference between inspiratory and expiratory reactance (ΔX).

Findings of the Research

  • The research found that during exacerbation of severe asthma in horses, the reactance value during the expiratory phase was more negative than during the inspiratory phase – a feature seen in humans during the presence of EFLt.
  • The assessment of X during inspiration proved to be promising in distinguishing between horses with SEA in the remission phase and the healthy control horses.
  • Thus, Oscillometry could potentially be used to differentiate the stages of SEA, which could be beneficial in managing the disease and assessing response to treatments.

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Cite This Article

APA
Stucchi L, Ferrucci F, Bullone M, Dellacà RL, Lavoie JP. (2021). Within-Breath Oscillatory Mechanics in Horses Affected by Severe Equine Asthma in Exacerbation and in Remission of the Disease. Animals (Basel), 12(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010004

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
PII: 4

Researcher Affiliations

Stucchi, Luca
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Ferrucci, Francesco
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Bullone, Michela
  • Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Dellacà, Raffaele L
  • Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Lavoie, Jean Pierre
  • Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.

Grant Funding

  • JPL, PJT-148807 / CIHR

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Simões J, Batista M, Tilley P. The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 16;12(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12060744pubmed: 35327141google scholar: lookup
  2. Kozłowska N, Wierzbicka M, Jasiński T, Domino M. Advances in the Diagnosis of Equine Respiratory Diseases: A Review of Novel Imaging and Functional Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 4;12(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12030381pubmed: 35158704google scholar: lookup
  3. Lo Feudo CM, Ferrucci F, Bizzotto D, Dellacà R, Lavoie JP, Stucchi L. Differences in pulmonary function measured by oscillometry between horses with mild-moderate equine asthma and healthy controls. Equine Vet J 2025 May;57(3):619-628.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14206pubmed: 39134475google scholar: lookup
  4. Simões J, Tilley P. Decision Making in Severe Equine Asthma-Diagnosis and Monitoring. Animals (Basel) 2023 Dec 16;13(24).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13243872pubmed: 38136909google scholar: lookup
  5. Stucchi L, Lo Feudo CM, Ferrucci F. Equine Respiratory Medicine and Cardiology. Animals (Basel) 2023 Sep 18;13(18).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13182952pubmed: 37760352google scholar: lookup
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