Zoonotic and emerging orbivirus infections.
Abstract: Many novel emerging orbiviruses have been isolated in the past 15 years. Important viruses include Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) and Yunnan orbivirus (YUOV), pathogens of equids which were originally isolated almost simultaneously from 1997 to 1999 in the People's Republic of China, Australia and Peru. YUOV has also been isolated from cattle, sheep and a dog. The isolation of YUOVfrom a dog is not the first case of an orbivirus being isolated from a carnivore. Bluetongue virus and African horse sickness virus were earlier detected in carnivores which fed on contaminated meat. PHSV and YUOV both offer an opportunity to study the emergence of a single pathogen in geographically distant locations, although the original point of emergence is still unidentified. PHSV has been isolated from horses with neurological disease both in Australia and in Peru (where it is now endemic). Serological and molecular diagnostic assays have been developed for these viruses to assist in their identification and diagnosis. Other orbiviruses, such as Palyam virus and Equine encephalosis virus, have more recently been identified outside their geographical boundaries and may represent a threat to domesticated livestock and horses, respectively. The article also reviews four zoonotic orbivirus species (Corriparta virus, Changuinola virus, Kemerovo virus and Orungo virus) which have been identified in livestock and/or wildlife.
Publication Date: 2015-11-26 PubMed ID: 26601440DOI: 10.20506/rst.34.2.2362Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Animal Health
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Infectious Disease
- Pathogens
- Public Health
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
- Virus
- Zoonotic Diseases
Summary
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This research article deals with the study of various emerging orbiviruses, including Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) and Yunnan orbivirus (YUOV), their diagnostic measures and geographical distribution, along with reviewing four named zoonotic orbivirus species identified in livestock and wildlife.
Emergence of New Orbiviruses
- The authors discuss the emergence of many new orbiviruses over the last 15 years. A prime focus is on the Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) and Yunnan orbivirus (YUOV).
- These viruses primarily affect equids (horse-like animals) and were originally isolated between 1997 and 1999 in China, Australia and Peru.
- While YUOV was also found in cattle, sheep, and a dog, this isn’t the first instance of an orbivirus being isolated from a carnivore. Past instances include the bluetongue virus and African horse sickness virus, both of which were found in carnivores who ingested contaminated meat.
Spread in Distant Locations
- Both PHSV and YUOV allow for the study of how a single pathogen can emerge in distant geographical areas. However, the original place for these infections’ emergence remains unknown.
- PHSV has been found in horses suffering from neurological disease both in Australia and Peru where it is now endemic or regularly found.
Diagnostic Tools
- Serological (relating to serum) and molecular diagnostic tests have been developed to aid in the identification and diagnosis of these viruses. These tools serve a critical role in early detection and controlling the spread of the viruses.
Threat to Livestock
- Other orbiviruses, such as Palyam virus and Equine encephalosis virus, have been recently identified outside their geographical boundaries and may pose a threat to domesticated livestock and horses, respectively.
Zoonotic Orbivirus Species
- The research paper also reviews four zoonotic orbivirus species: Corriparta virus, Changuinola virus, Kemerovo virus and Orungo virus, which have been identified in livestock and/or wildlife.
- Zoonotic diseases are those that can be transmitted from animals to humans, potentially causing significant public health concerns.
Cite This Article
APA
Attoui H, Mohd Jaafar F.
(2015).
Zoonotic and emerging orbivirus infections.
Rev Sci Tech, 34(2), 353-361.
https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.34.2.2362 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging / veterinary
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging / virology
- Humans
- Orbivirus
- Reoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Reoviridae Infections / virology
- Zoonoses
Citations
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