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Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 7; 604910; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.604910

Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Temperate and Cold Regions of Europe-A Review on the Prevalence in Domestic Animals.

Abstract: Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens affecting both human and animal health. In temperate and cold regions of Europe (Western, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe), the most relevant zoonotic tick-borne pathogens are tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. More rarely, Rickettsia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia spp. are identified as a cause of human disease. Domestic animals may also be clinically affected by these pathogens, and, furthermore, can be regarded as sentinel hosts for their occurrence in a certain area, or even play a role as reservoirs or amplifying hosts. For example, viraemic ruminants may transmit TBEV to humans via raw milk products. This review summarizes the role of domestic animals, including ruminants, horses, dogs, and cats, in the ecology of TBEV, Borrelia spp., A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., N. mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia species. It gives an overview on the (sero-)prevalence of these infectious agents in domestic animals in temperate/cold regions of Europe, based on 148 individual prevalence studies. Meta-analyses of seroprevalence in asymptomatic animals estimated an overall seroprevalence of 2.7% for TBEV, 12.9% for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), 16.2% for A. phagocytophilum and 7.4% for Babesia divergens, with a high level of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses with regard to animal species, diagnostic test, geographical region and decade of sampling were mostly non-significant, with the exception of significantly lower B. burgdorferi s.l. seroprevalences in dogs than in horses and cattle. More surveillance studies employing highly sensitive and specific test methods and including hitherto non-investigated regions are needed to determine if and how global changes in terms of climate, land use, agricultural practices and human behavior impact the frequency of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals.
Copyright © 2020 Springer, Glass, Topp and Strube.
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Publication Date: 2020-12-10 PubMed ID: 33363242PubMed Central: PMC7758354DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.604910Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals residing in the temperate and cold regions of Europe and their role in the diseases’ ecology. It includes data analysis from 148 individual studies and ends with a call for more in-depth investigations considering recent global changes.

Research Purpose and Scope

  • This research aimed to review and understand the prevalence and role of domestic animals in the ecology of various zoonotic tick-borne pathogens prevalent in temperate and cold regions of Europe.
  • The pathogens focused on include tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, amongst others, all of which affect both human and animal health.

Role of Domestic Animals

  • Domestic animals explored in this research, including ruminants (like cattle or sheep), horses, cats, and dogs, can either be affected by these tick-borne diseases, serve as indicators of the diseases’ presence in a particular area, or act as reservoirs that help the disease persist in the environment.
  • One such example is viremic ruminants which can transmit TBEV to humans through raw milk products.

Investigation and Results

  • The review included the results from 148 individual prevalence studies and conducted meta-analyses of seroprevalence in asymptomatic animals.
  • Estimates showed an overall seroprevalence of 2.7% for TBEV, 12.9% for Borrelia sensu lato (s.l.), 16.2% for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and 7.4% for Rickettsia spp., indicating a high level of heterogeneity.
  • Subgroup analyses relative to animal species, diagnostic test, geographical region, and decade of sampling were mostly non-significant, except for significantly lower Borrelia s.l. seroprevalences in dogs than in horses and cattle.

Research Limitations and Future Directions

  • The researchers call for more surveillance studies using highly sensitive and specific testing methods and including areas that haven’t been investigated before.
  • These studies are important to understand global changes’ impact, such as climate change, land use modification, alteration in agricultural practices, and human behavior change on the frequency of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Springer A, Glass A, Topp AK, Strube C. (2020). Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Temperate and Cold Regions of Europe-A Review on the Prevalence in Domestic Animals. Front Vet Sci, 7, 604910. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.604910

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 604910

Researcher Affiliations

Springer, Andrea
  • Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Glass, Antje
  • Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Topp, Anna-Katharina
  • Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Strube, Christina
  • Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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