Acta veterinaria Hungarica.
Periodical
Veterinary Medicine
Publisher:
Akadémiai Kiadó,. Budapest : Akademiai Kiado
Frequency: Quarterly
Country: Hungary
Language: English
Author(s):
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia.
Start Year:1983 -
ISSN:
0236-6290 (Print)
0236-6290 (Linking)
0236-6290 (Linking)
Impact Factor
0.9
2022
| NLM ID: | 8406376 |
| (OCoLC): | 10717461 |
| (DNLM): | A09794000(s) |
| Coden: | AVHUEA |
| Classification: | W1 AC955R |
Chlamydia-induced abortion in a horse.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
January 1, 1988
Volume 36, Issue 1-2 33-36
Glávits R, Molnár T, Rády M.No abstract available Non-primate hepacivirus infection with apparent hepatitis in a horse – Short communication.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
July 21, 2014
Volume 62, Issue 3 422-427 doi: 10.1556/AVet.2014.011
Reuter G, Maza N, Pankovics P, Boros A.Non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV) is a recently identified hepacivirus (family Flaviviridae) in dog and horse; however, the disease associations remain unknown. This study reports the detection of natural NPHV infection in a horse with apparent hepatitis, liver damage and high-level viraemia. NPHV could be hepatotropic and associated with hepatitis in horses. Read More
20
A biological hazard of our age: bracken fern [Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn]–a review.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
May 22, 2009
Volume 57, Issue 1 183-196 doi: 10.1556/AVet.57.2009.1.18
Vetter J.Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is the fifth most distributed common weed species of the world. Its ecological distribution is very wide, and the plant can grow and spread successfully on many types of soil. The cover of P. aquilinum is--in some cases--remarkable (e.g., in the United Kingdom). Bracken fern contains different poisonous agents: some cyanogen glycosides, factors (agents) of antithiamine character (thermolabile thiaminase and thermostable other compounds) and factors of carcinogenic activity (first of all ptaquiloside). This paper summarises and reviews different toxicological ... Read More
13
Serological evidence for Babesia canis infection of horses and an endemic focus of B. caballi in Hungary.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
February 19, 2008
Volume 55, Issue 4 491-500 doi: 10.1556/AVet.55.2007.4.8
Hornok S, Edelhofer R, Földvári G, Joachim A, Farkas R.In order to evaluate the seroconversion of horses to Babesia caballi and B. canis in Hungary, blood samples were collected from 371 animals on 23 different locations of the country. The presence of antibodies to B. caballi was screened with a competitive ELISA. All 29 positive samples came from one region (the Hortobágy). The prevalence of infection did not show correlation with sexes, and reached 100% in the age group of 2-5 years. Babesia canis-specific antibodies were demonstrated by IFAT in 6.74% of animals kept in 7 regions. The titres were low or medium level (1:40 to 1:160), indicating... Read More
11
Application of a combined global positioning and heart rate monitoring system in jumper horses during an official competition – A preliminary study.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 28, 2016
Volume 64, Issue 2 189-200 doi: 10.1556/004.2016.019
Bazzano M, Giudice E, Rizzo M, Congiu F, Zumbo A, Arfuso F, Di Pietro S, Bruschetta D, Piccione G.The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combined global positioning system (GPS)/heart rate (HR) monitoring system is a valuable tool to assess, step by step, the physiological response of HR and its relationship with speed in healthy horses competing in an official show jumping class. Six mares performing a standardised warm-up and jumping course were monitored using a HR/GPS device. Venous blood lactate (BL), assessed before and after exercise, showed a significant increase (P = 0.0004) following the physical effort. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant changes ... Read More
10
Molecular characterisation of the ORF68 region of equine herpesvirus-1 strains isolated from aborted fetuses in Hungary between 1977 and 2008.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
March 1, 2012
Volume 60, Issue 1 175-187 doi: 10.1556/AVet.2012.015
Malik P, Bálint A, Dán A, Pálfi V.Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) can be classified into distinct groups by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their genomes. Only a few of these can be associated with a special attribute of the virus. Differences in the ORF30 region can determine the neuropathogenic potential, while by substitutions in the ORF68 region several strain groups can be made. In previous studies no connection was found between the neuropathogenic potential and the SNPs in ORF68, but the occurrence of members of distinct groups in different outbreaks can facilitate epidemiological investigations because the geogr... Read More
10
Highly diverse type of equine arteritis virus (EAV) from the semen of a South African donkey: short communication.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
July 18, 2006
Volume 54, Issue 2 263-270 doi: 10.1556/AVet.54.2006.2.12
Stadejek T, Mittelholzer Ch, Oleksiewicz MB, Paweska J, Belák S.Equine arteritis virus (EAV) was detected by RT-nested PCR in semen samples from a naturally infected South African donkey. Sequence analysis of the amplified ORF5 fragment revealed only 60 to 70% nucleotide identity to a panel of EAV reference sequences. The unique donkey EAV sequence was also found to be stable during passage in horses. The sequence data reported in this study indicate that the South African donkey variant might represent a new genotype of EAV. The distinct genetic properties of the South African asinine strain of EAV suggest a divergent evolution of this arterivirus in vari... Read More
10
A survey of equine abortion and perinatal foal losses in Hungary during a three-year period (1998-2000).
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
October 3, 2008
Volume 56, Issue 3 353-367 doi: 10.1556/AVet.56.2008.3.9
Szeredi L, Tenk M, Jánosi S, Pálfi V, Hotzel H, Sachse K, Pospischil A, Bozsó M, Glávits R, Molnár T.Cases of equine abortion and perinatal foal losses were investigated in Hungary during a three-year period (1998-2000). Samples from aborted equine fetuses and newborn foals (total n = 96) were examined using bacteriological, virological, pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), molecular biological and serological methods. The cause of abortion and perinatal foal loss was identified in 67/96 cases (70%); viral infection was found in 22 (23%), viral and bacterial coinfection in 1 (1%), bacterial infection in 23 (24%), protozoan infection in 1 (1%) and fungal infection in 2 cases (2%). Morpholo... Pathomorphological study on gastroduodenal ulceration in horses: localisation of lesions.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 9, 2007
Volume 55, Issue 2 241-249 doi: 10.1556/AVet.55.2007.2.10
Bezdekova B, Jahn P, Vyskocil M.Gastroduodenal ulceration is a prevalent disease in foals and adult horses. Decreased performance as well as fatal complications relate to this syndrome. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of gastric ulceration in a mixed population of horses by postmortem examination and to evaluate a possible association between equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) and sex or age of the examined horses, to evaluate the localisation of lesions in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract and to determine the occurrence of gastric parasites. Postmortem examinations were performed ... Arthroscopic autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of subchondral cystic lesion in the medial femoral condyle in a horse.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 14, 2001
Volume 48, Issue 3 343-354 doi: 10.1556/AVet.48.2000.3.11
Bodó G, Hangody L, Szabó Z, Peham C, Schinzel M, Girtler D, Sótonyi P.An 11-year-old, Hungarian half-bred stallion was presented with a history of mixed left hindlimb lameness of 6 months duration. Subchondral bone cyst of the medial femoral condyle and injury of the medial meniscus were diagnosed. Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the less weight-bearing medial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the affected limb, and transplanting them into the cyst during arthroscopy. The lameness was evaluated prior to and one year after the operation with a motion analysis system during treadmill exercise. ... Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in horses: first report from Northern Bulgaria – Short communication.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 27, 2019
Volume 67, Issue 2 197-203 doi: 10.1556/004.2019.021
Tsachev I, Baymakova M, Pantchev N.Lyme borreliosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis and monocytic ehrlichiosis are well studied in humans and dogs. In horses, these diseases are not widely investigated and limited information is available about their occurrence. The purpose of this study was to present the first ELISA-based report on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi in horses from Northern Bulgaria. A total of 192 horses were investigated from three regions in Northern Bulgaria (Northwestern, North-Central and Northeastern Bulgaria). All equine sera were tested for A. phagocyto... Effect of low-dose zearalenone exposure on luteal function, follicular activity and uterine oedema in cycling mares.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 14, 2001
Volume 49, Issue 2 211-222 doi: 10.1556/004.49.2001.2.11
Juhász J, Nagy P, Kulcsár M, Szigeti G, Reiczigel J, Huszenicza G.The effect of 10-day zearalenone administration starting 10 days after ovulation was studied in 6 cycling trotter mares in the summer period. After an entire oestrous cycle (Cycle 1), mares were given 7 mg purified zearalenone per os daily (1 mg/ml in ethyl alcohol) beginning on Day 10 of Cycle 2. Toxin exposure was continued until the subsequent ovulation. Luteal function and follicular activity were monitored daily by rectal palpation, ultrasonography and blood sampling for progesterone. During toxin exposure, all animals were in good physical condition. The toxin had no effect on the length... Electroencephalographic and electromyographic changes during the use of detomidine and detomidine-butorphanol combination in standing horses.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
April 15, 2006
Volume 54, Issue 1 35-42 doi: 10.1556/AVet.54.2006.1.4
Kruluc P, Nemec A.Clinically, the use of detomidine and butorphanol is suitable for sedation and deepening of analgosedation. The aim of our study was to establish the influence of detomidine used alone and a butorphanol-detomidine combination on brain activity and to evaluate and compare brain responses (using electroencephalography, EEG) by recording SEF90 (spectral edge frequency 90%), individual brain wave fractions (beta, alpha, theta and delta) and electromyographic (EMG) changes in the left temporal muscle in standing horses. Ten clinically healthy cold-blooded horses were divided into two groups of five... Peritonitis in horses: 55 cases (2004-2007).
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 15, 2011
Volume 59, Issue 2 181-193 doi: 10.1556/AVet.2011.011
Nógrádi N, Tóth B, Macgillivray KC.Factors associated with the outcome of peritonitis in horses are seldom described. The objectives of this study were to determine the common clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings and to reveal prognostic factors associated with the outcome of peritonitis in equine patients. Data were examined in a retrospective manner in 55 horses diagnosed with and treated for peritonitis. The most common clinical and clinicopathologic findings were tachycardia (94%), increased amount of peritoneal fluid on ultrasound (84%), altered mucous membranes (82%), bacteria noted on the direct smear (67%), hyp... Changes in Borrelia burgdorferi ELISA antibody over time in both antibiotic treated and untreated horses.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
November 20, 2012
Volume 60, Issue 4 421-429 doi: 10.1556/AVet.2012.036
Divers TJ, Grice AL, Mohammed HO, Glaser AL, Wagner B.Changes in ELISA serology are frequently used to determine antibiotic treatment success for Lyme disease in horses. This concept was based upon a previous report showing a marked decline in ELISA values in experimentally infected and antibiotic-treated ponies. Changes in Lyme serology following antibiotic treatment in naturally infected horses have not been reported. The objective of this study was to compare Borrelia ELISA antibody concentrations in naturally exposed horses both before and following antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease. A retrospective study was performed comparing oxytetrac... No polymorphisms in the coding region of the prion-like protein gene in Thoroughbred racehorses.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 27, 2019
Volume 67, Issue 2 174-182 doi: 10.1556/004.2019.019
Jeong MJ, Jeong BH.Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the accumulation of an abnormal prion protein isoform (PrP), which is converted from the normal prion protein (PrP). Prion diseases have been reported in an extensive number of species but not in horses up to now; therefore, horses are known to be a species resistant to prion diseases. The prion-like protein gene () is closely located downstream of the prion protein gene () and the prion-like protein (Doppel) is a homologue with PrP. Previous studies have shown that an association between prion diseases and polymorphisms of t... A case of equine abortion caused by Encephalitozoon sp.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
February 19, 2008
Volume 55, Issue 4 525-532 doi: 10.1556/AVet.55.2007.4.11
Szeredi L, Pospischil A, Dencsö L, Mathis A, Dobos-Kovács M.A Lippizan mare aborted a male fetus a few days before the expected foaling date without showing any clinical sings. Focal lympho-histiocytic hepatitis in the foal and multiplex focal lympho-histiocytic villitis accompanied by villus necroses and marked hypertrophy of chorionic epithelial cells in the arcades were observed. Elongated nucleated organisms were seen in groups in vacuoles or solitarily located in the cytoplasm of the chorionic epithelial cells. The organisms were in large numbers and often extracellularly in areas of villitis and villus necroses. They were Gram-positive, stained w... Characterisation of Rhodococcus equi strains isolated from foals and from immunocompromised human patients.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 14, 2001
Volume 48, Issue 3 253-259
Makrai L, Fodor L, Csivincsik A, Varga J, Senoner Z, Szabó B.The cultural, morphological, biochemical, serological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of 25 Rhodococcus equi strains isolated from lungs and lung abscesses of pneumonic foals and 5 R. equi strains isolated from immuno-compromised human patients were examined. All R. equi strains showed common cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics both with conventional tests and on the basis of their enzyme profile. The R. equi strains examined were resistant to penicillins with the exception of ampicillin, to sulphamethazine and several strains also to sulphamethoxazole-trimeth... Endocrinology of pregnancy: chorionic somatomammotropins and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins: review.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
August 15, 1998
Volume 46, Issue 2 175-189
Beckers JF, Zarrouk A, Batalha ES, Garbayo JM, Mester L, Szenci O.The two main groups of placental proteins of ruminants are discussed in this paper: chorionic somatomammotropins (placental lactogens) and pregnancy-specific (-associated) proteins. Placental lactogens belong to the prolactin and growth hormone family. They stimulate mammogenesis, fetal growth and maternal metabolism. Pregnancy-specific proteins and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins belong to the aspartic proteinase family like pepsin, cathepsin D and E. These two groups of proteins are secreted in the maternal circulation by the binucleate cells after their migration to and fusion with the u... Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dimensions in healthy standardbred trotters.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
September 20, 2002
Volume 50, Issue 3 273-282 doi: 10.1556/AVet.50.2002.3.3
Bakos Z, Vörös K, Järvinen T, Reiczigel J.The aim of the study was to establish normal echocardiographic values of healthy Standardbred trotters not published previously. Twenty-three clinically normal horses weighing between 350 and 490 kg were examined in the same manner: first a thorough physical and then detailed echocardiographic examination were performed. Standardised two-dimensional (2D) and guided M-mode echocardiographic imaging techniques were used to measure interventricular septal thickness (IVS), left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), left ventricular wall thickness (LVW), left atrial internal diameter (LAID) in end-... Traumatic myiasis of horses caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
November 13, 2001
Volume 49, Issue 3 311-318 doi: 10.1556/004.49.2001.3.8
Farkas R, Képes G.A survey was carried out in three stud farms with grazing animals, in order to gather data on the prevalence and clinical manifestation of, and the fly species involved in, traumatic myiasis of horses in Hungary. This parasitic disease was recorded in each farm. On the whole, 9.0% (14) of the inspected horses were infested with fly larvae. The affected horses had one infested lesion only, located at the mucosa of the vulva or the vaginal vestibule. The clinical symptoms depended on the age of infestation. Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was the only myiasis-causing fly species i... Endocrine and reproductive consequences of certain endotoxin-mediated diseases in farm mammals: a review.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
August 15, 1998
Volume 46, Issue 1 71-84
Jánosi S, Huszenicza G, Kulcsár M, Kóródi P.After giving an overview of the general pathology of endotoxin-mediated diseases, the authors summarise the endotoxin-induced endocrine changes and their clinical consequences, with particular regard to reproduction. The consequences of temporary activation of the cyclooxygenase-2 and lipoxygenase enzyme systems resulting in elevated release of various prostanoids are discussed in cyclic and pregnant ruminants, sows and mares. The clinical failures attributable to increased glucocorticoid secretion as well as the endotoxin-induced changes in thyroid function and in peripheral level of some oth... A molecular and haematological study of Theileria equi in Balkan donkeys.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 14, 2017
Volume 65, Issue 2 234-241 doi: 10.1556/004.2017.023
Davitkov D, Davitkov D, Vucicevic M, Stanisic L, Radakovic M, Glavinic U, Stanimirovic Z.Equine piroplasmosis in donkeys has been recognised as a serious problem of major economic importance. The present molecular study is the first investigation of the presence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Balkan donkeys and of the possible haematological alterations related to it. A total of 70 apparently healthy donkeys from Serbia were included in this study. The overall prevalence of T. equi infection in donkeys tested with multiplex PCR was 50%. There was no B. caballi-positive sample. Infections in donkeys included in this study seem to be associated with decreased red blood cel... Identification of chromosome abnormalities in the horse using a panel of chromosome-specific painting probes generated by microdissection.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
July 29, 2009
Volume 57, Issue 3 369-381 doi: 10.1556/AVet.57.2009.3.3
Bugno M, Słota E, Pieńkowska-Schelling A, Schelling C.Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) using a panel of molecular probes for all chromosome pairs obtained by chromosome microdissection of the domestic horse ( Equus caballus ) was used to diagnose karyotype abnormalities in 35 horses (32 mares, 2 stallions and 1 intersex), which were selected for the study due to infertility (23 horses), reduced fertility (10 horses) and developmental anomalies (2 horses). The use of the FISH technique with probes for each horse chromosome pair enabled the diagnosis of many different chromosome aberrations in this population. Among the horses analysed, 21 ... Characterisation of the cerebrospinal fluid of horses with West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
September 4, 2020
Volume 68, Issue 2 177-185 doi: 10.1556/004.2020.00022
Kutasi O, Fehér O, Sárdi S, Balogh N, Nagy A, Moravszki L, Bódai E, Szenci O.West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes between wild birds (natural hosts) and other vertebrates. Horses and humans are incidental, dead-end hosts, but can develop severe neurological disorders. Owing to the close contact of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with the extracellular fluid of the brain, the analysis of CSF composition can reflect central nervous system (CNS) impairments enabling the diagnosis and understanding of various neurodegenerative CNS disorders. Our objective was to compare the findings from the CSF samples of horses with neuroinvasive WNV infectio... Progesterone determination in equine plasma using different immunoassays.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
August 26, 1998
Volume 46, Issue 4 501-513
Nagy P, Solti L, Kulcsár M, Reiczigel J, Huszenicza G, Abaváry K, Wölfling A.Several assay systems (3H radioimmunoassay (RIA) with and without extraction; microplate enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA); qualitative ELISA (tube test)] were used to measure plasma progesterone concentration in mare plasma. The direct RIA showed a close correlation (R = 0.94) with the extraction RIA. The direct RIA and the microplate ELISA were compared in two different studies. In the first study 1155 samples of postpartum mares were used for progesterone determination with both assays. The ELISA resulted in more elevated values both in oestrus and dioestrus (0.19+/-0.3 and 2.44+/-3.62 nmol... Fetal heart rate and fetal heart rate variability in Lipizzaner broodmares.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
February 7, 2015
Volume 63, Issue 1 89-99 doi: 10.1556/AVet.2015.007
Baska-Vincze B, Baska F, Szenci O.Monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) helps to understand and evaluate normal and pathological conditions in the foal. The aim of this study was to establish normal heart rate reference values for the ongoing equine pregnancy and to perform a heart rate variability (HRV) time-domain analysis in Lipizzaner mares. Seventeen middle- and late-term (days 121-333) pregnant Lipizzaner mares were examined using fetomaternal electrocardiography (ECG). The mean FHR (P = 0.004) and the standard deviation of FHR (P = 0.012) significantly decreased during the pregnancy. ... Study of the role of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and other microaerophilic and aerobic bacteria in uterine infections of mares with reproductive disorders.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
April 12, 2003
Volume 51, Issue 1 45-52 doi: 10.1556/AVet.51.2003.1.4
Szeredi L, Tenk M, Schiller I, Révész T.In six healthy mares and 24 mares showing reproductive disorders swab samples were taken from the fossa clitoridis to isolate Taylorella equigenitalis, and from the uterus to isolate mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas and other aerobic bacteria. Swab samples were also taken from the uterus for Chlamydia antigen ELISA and Chlamydia PCR studies. The uterus of 27 mares was examined cytologically, and biopsy samples were taken from the endometrium for histological examinations and for immunohistochemical examinations aimed at the detection of chlamydiae. T. equigenitalis, mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas and chlamy... A modified surgical technique for repairing third-degree perineal lacerations in mares.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
June 18, 2005
Volume 53, Issue 2 257-264 doi: 10.1556/AVet.53.2005.2.11
Kaşikçi G, Horoz H, Alkan S, Düzgün O, Aktaş M.A modified surgical technique has been developed for repairing third-degree perineal lacerations in mares. Complications of the currently used methods include rectovaginal fistula formation, urine pooling, complete dehiscence of the repair, constipation, tenesmus and difficulty of performance in the practice. The modified method is simpler and more practical. This method was performed on eight Thoroughbred mares with third-degree perineal lacerations after delivery. The rectovestibular septum was reconstructed by three lines of sutures in a transverse direction in relation to the longitudinal ... Mosaic arthroplasty of the medial femoral condyle in horses – An experimental study.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
December 18, 2013
Volume 62, Issue 2 155-168 doi: 10.1556/AVet.2013.059
Bodó G, Vásárhelyi G, Hangody L, Módis L.One Arabian and 5 Hungarian half-bred horses were used to study the macroscopic and microscopic survival of autologous osteochondral grafts in the weight-bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle (MFC). Grafts were harvested from the cranial surface of the medial femoral trochlea (MFT) under arthroscopic control. Three of them were transplanted into the weight-bearing surface of the contralateral MFC using an arthrotomy approach. Three months later this transplantation procedure was repeated on the opposite stifle joints in the same animals, but at that time transplantation was performed a... Prevalence of botfly larvae and lice in studs of North Caucasus (Stawropol County, Russia).
Acta veterinaria Hungarica
January 1, 1995
Volume 43, Issue 2-3 287-289
Egri B, Sárközy P, Bánhidy G.From 14 to 17 April 1990 and from 12 to 21 May 1993 a total of 136 Caucasian (Donish, Karabakh, Kabardin, local halfbred) and 26 thoroughbred stud-horses were examined for ectoparasites in studs of Stawropol County, Russia. A total of 4054 botfly larvae were identified from 9700 faecal samples collected during a period of 3-4 days after oral treatment with Eqvalan (MSD), Strongid Plus (Pfizer) and Vermitan Plus (Sanofi-Chinoin). The species distribution was: Gasterophilus intestinalis 84.53%, G. nasalis 10.41%, G. haemorrhoidalis 3.62%, G. inermis 1.41%. Gasterophilus nasalis and G. inermis ha...