Equine veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. Hobokken, NJ : Wiley (2009)
Frequency: 8 issues per year, 2009-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
British Equine Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1968 -
ISSN:
0425-1644 (Print)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 173320 |
| (DNLM): | E11740000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01568146 |
| Coden: | EQVJAI |
| LCCN: | sn 83005310 |
| Classification: | W1 EQ967 |
Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone and its metabolites in the horse. Phenylbutazone was given orally to 2 groups of horses and the plasma levels of the drug and its 2 principal metabolites oxyphenbutazone and gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Animals in Group 1 received single oral doses in a range from 1.1 to 13.2 mg/kg and were sampled over the succeeding 24 h. Considerable individual variation was observed both in timing and magnitude of the plasma drug responses between horses, but 24 h after dosing a clear dose response relation was recorded. Group 2 horses were given the recommended therapeutic dosage regimen ...
Effect of glycerol on motility, viability, extracellular aspartate aminotransferase release and fertility of stallion semen before and after freezing. The effect of different glycerol concentrations (0 to 5.3 per cent) on motility, viability and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) release of stallion spermatozoa was studied before and after deep-freezing. Addition of glycerol to a TRIS-fructose-egg yolk diluent used to extend stallion semen had no effect on motility and viability of spermatozoa and it did not increase AST release. Inclusion of glycerol in the extender only partially preserved the motility and viability of stallion semen during deep-freezing. A fertility trial revealed that concentrating stallion semen by centrifugation, followe...
Hormonal changes associated with long distance exercise. The alteration in plasma concentration of a number of hormones was investigated following an 80 km endurance ride. A marked rise in plasma cortisol levels occurred in all 17 animals investigated. Although decreased glucose levels did not occur in all animals, insulin levels fell in all horses examined. A high correlation (r = 0.89) was found between post ride glucose and plasma insulin concentrations. The plasma levels of both noradrenaline and adrenaline were significantly elevated post ride.
Ventilation and environment in relation to equine respiratory disease. The physiological requirements of the horse appear to be reasonably well established and should be adequately provided by ventilation based on straightforward principles, relying largely on natural air flow. On the other hand, there are few objective values for ventilation required to promote good health or alleviate equine respiratory disease. In the absence of such knowledge it is only possible to rely on a logical application of sound principles and experience. Both indicate the satisfactory nature of ventilation by stack effect, aspiration and perflation. Buildings should be well insulated...
Laryngeal paralysis in Arabian foals associated with oral haloxon administration. Bilateral laryngeal paralysis is described in 5 Arabian and part-Arabian foals aged between 23 and 35 days. Tracheotomies resulted in complete relief of dyspnoea. Two cases showed recovery of abductor function of the right arytenoid cartilage after 3 weeks and one of these cases later recovered left abductor function. Four of the foals were autopsied at various times from one week to 6 months after the onset of respiratory obstruction. Histology of the recurrent laryngeal nerves showed active Wallerian degeneration and loss of nerve fibres in many fascicles in cases affected for one to 2 weeks...
Anthelmintic control of lungworm in donkeys. A field study was designed to investigate the re-establishment of patent lungworm infections in donkeys following an anthelmintic treatment regime which was effective against Dictyocaulus arnfieldi. In April 1979 faecal samples from 259 donkeys were examined and each animal classified as a negative, low positive or high positive excretor of lungworm larvae. During the summer the control group of 126 donkeys showed an increase in the number of excretors from 80 per cent in April to 91 per cent in October. At the same time there was a rise in the faecal larval output of individual animals so tha...
Equine salmonellosis: a contemporary view. The practical implications of equine salmonellosis in the light of present knowledge are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the various clinical forms which the disease may take. These include asymptomatic infections, signs of fever, anorexia and depression, severe acute diarrhoea and the septicaemic form. Diagnosis depends on recovery of the organism from the blood or faeces or, at necropsy, from tissues. In asymptomatic infections, it may be necessary to make serial faecal cultures over several days before a negative diagnosis may be made with any degree of certainty. Isolation of salmonellae i...
Some nutritional problems of horses. The effects of overfeeding, calcium-phosphorus imbalance, misuse of supplements and false advertising on equine nutrition are discussed. Overfeeding is known to cause disorders in several species but, although a similar relationship has been suggested on clinical evidence, no controlled trials on horses have been reported. It has also been suggested that overfeeding is a problem only for those horses with a genetic predisposition to skeletal problems. The importance of adequate calcium and phosphorus levels has been known for many years but severe cases of calcium deficiency still occur. Clien...
Reference values for equine peritoneal fluid. Twenty horses, aged one to 17 years (mean age 6 years), presented for elective destruction and subsequently found at autopsy to have no significant peritoneal alterations, were used to determine a variety of reference values for peritoneal fluid. Samples were collected ante mortem or within 1 h post mortem. Each cavity contained 100 to 300 ml of usually clear, pale yellow fluid which in a clinical refractometer showed a mean specific gravity 1.010 (range 1.0081-1.0116) and mean (+/- standard deviation) total protein 7.7 +/- 3.6 g/litre. The mean total nucleated cell count (+/- sd) was 4.33 +/-...
Endotoxaemia in the horse. Endotoxins are non-protein fragments of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. They must be absorbed into the circulation to produce disease and systemic effects are similar, regardless of bacterial source. Absorption of endotoxins occurs in obstructive bowel disease and may play a significant part in determining the severity of the disease. Many of the responses to experimentally administered endotoxin are identical to those of bowel diseases or the horse and include circulatory, haematological and metabolic alterations. Therapeutic approaches are indirect and include many drugs currently e...
Delayed monensin sodium toxicity in horses. Thirty-two horses were examined with a history of poor performance and unthriftiness several months after the ingestion of feed containing monensin sodium. Cardiac abnormality was diagnosed in 8 cases and suspected in 4 others. Necropsy examinations were performed on 6 cases with marked clinical symptoms and evidence of circulatory failure was found. Marked cardiac myopathy and fibrosis was a consistent feature. It is concluded that ingestion of monensin sodium by horses may cause either acute death or delayed cardiac circulatory failure as a result of specific cardiac myodegeneration.
The actual cautery — myth and reality in the art of firing. The historical development of "firing" as a treatment for various complaints in animals and man is followed from the first surviving written account by Vegetius (approximately AD 500) to the present day. Changing concepts as to the mechanism of action of the actual cautery are examined in relation to physiological understanding at various times and conflicting views and evident fallacies are discussed. It is of particular interest that firing of "sinewes" (tendons and ligaments) was expressly forbidden until the 18th century. It is concluded that "firing" is an outmoded practice for which ther...
A technique for catheterisation of the coronary sinus in adult ponies (Equus caballus). Long-term catheterisation of the coronary sinus using a specially designed catheter was accomplished in 6 ponies via a right lateral thoracotomy. The catheter comprised a 10 to 12 cm long stiff segment (Teflon) joined to a 100 cm length of pliable medical grade (vinyl) tubing. Catheters were kept functional up to 10 weeks postoperatively. Location of the catheter tip was verified by determining the oxygen tension of anaerobically withdrawn blood samples. Normal values of oxygen tension of the coronary sinus blood in ponies were similar to those reported for the dog, whereas oxygen content was ...
Method for the automation of equine differential leucocyte counts. A technique for automating equine differential leucocyte counts by analysis of volume distribution curves using the Coulter Channelyzer has been developed and evaluated. A comparison between the results obtained by this method and standard microscopic techniques showed good agreement in most cases. Blood samples can be analysed for both differential and total leucocyte counts at a rate of 25/h. For each sample an average 16,000 leucocytes are classified by the Channelyzer. The method of volume analysis is suitable for the precise counting of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosin...
Prevention of endotoxin-induced arterial hypoxaemia and lactic acidosis with flunixin meglumine in the conscious pony. Bacterial endotoxin injected intravenously into conscious ponies produced alterations in cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal function. Specifically, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, colic, lactic acidosis and diarrhoea resulted from administration of 10 micrograms/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin. Pretreatment of the ponies with a potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, flunixin meglumine, prevented these ill effects of endotoxin.
Congealed amniotic fluid in the alveoli of lungs of aborted foals. The alveoli of the lungs of 2 aborted foals contained elongated, dense bodies when examined histologically and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. By light microscopy, the bodies (10 to 40 micrometers in size) stained intensely with the Gram stain, and up to 10 were present within an alveolus. Electron microscopy determined that such bodies were not cellular in origin but appeared to be a congealed fluid product composed of layers of fibrillar-like material. From the human literature, it was concluded that these intraalveolar bodies were probably congealed amniotic fluid.
Complement fixation tests for equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi and B caballi) performed in the UK during 1976 to 1979. The results of complement fixation (CF) test for equine piroplasmosis on sera from horses destined for international movement from Great Britain and Ireland are presented and analysed. No horses born and continuously resident in the British Isles were found carrying CF antibodies to either Babesia equi or B caballi. Positive animals were found to have association with the following countries where known tick vectors occur: Spain, Portugal, Belgium, France, Poland, USSR and Arabian Gulf countries. Data on the persistence of CF antibodies in animals subjected to repeated testing showed that some...