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Research in veterinary science.
Publisher:
British Veterinary Association. London : British Veterinary Association
Frequency: Bimonthly
Country: England
Language: English
Author(s):
British Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1960 -
ISSN:
0034-5288 (Print)
1532-2661 (Electronic)
0034-5288 (Linking)
1532-2661 (Electronic)
0034-5288 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.4
2022
| NLM ID: | 0401300 |
| (DNLM): | R25920000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01644503 |
| Coden: | RVTSA9 |
| Classification: | W1 RE231 |
Arthroscopic evaluation of the synovial membrane and its relationship with histological changes and biomarkers in equine joint disease. The synovial membrane (SM) presents itself with distinctive characteristics during arthroscopic procedures in cases of osteoarthritis (OA) as well as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in horses. Most of the arthroscopic findings of the SM are limited to a description of a nonspecific inflammation state. In the present study, the macroscopic and histological aspects of the SM in OA and OCD horses were compared to those of healthy horses. The expression of interleukin (IL) in SM was also investigated. Besides, the concentrations of ILs and keratan sulfate (KS) in the synovial fluid (SF), and the m...
Immune response of adult horses, pregnant mares and foals to an experimental vaccine with recombinant EMA-2 protein of Theileria equi. Equine theileriosis, caused by the Theileria equi protozoan, is a disease of worldwide importance. T. equi expresses surface proteins, of which the EMA-2 protein is a promising antigen for vaccine use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response of adult horses, pregnant mares, and foals to an experimental EMA-2 protein of recombinant T. equi vaccine. A total of 46 horses were used in this study for vaccine trials and challenges. Twelve geldings, 14 pregnant mares, and 14 foals were divided into vaccinated and control groups. Total serum specific anti-rEMA-2 IgG, IgG subclasses, ...
Performance of the Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) index to predict changes in mean arterial pressure in anaesthetized horses with different health conditions. The parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) index is based on heart rate variability and has been developed recently in animals to assess their relative parasympathetic tone. This study aimed to evaluate PTA index in anaesthetized horses with different health conditions and the performance of PTA variations (∆PTA) to predict changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Thirty-nine client-horses were anaesthetized for elective or colic surgery and divided into "Elective" and "Colic" groups. During anaesthesia, dobutamine was administered as treatment of hypotension (MAP <60 mmHg). In both groups,...
Enhanced immune effects and protection conferred by simultaneously targeting GAPDH, SeM, and EAG of S. equi via TLR4. Strangles, which is caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, is one of the most prevalent equine infectious diseases and poses heavy economic losses worldwide. Although various vaccines have been used for decades, they seemed to be sub-optimal to demonstrate effective protection, and the antigen component of vaccines against S. equi remains to be optimized. In the present study, three target antigens (M-like protein, α2-macroglobulin and IgG-binding protein, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were selected and expressed. Mice were immunized and challenged, and their immune res...
Oxidative and local histopathological response on skin wound of horses due to Amblyomma sculptum tick parasitism. Amblyomma sculptum is frequently observed parasitizing horses, responsible for economic losses, damage to the host''s skin and transmission of pathogens. The oxidative stress profile and inflammatory mechanisms involved in this parasitism remain poorly studied. Thus, this study aimed to assess the histopathological changes and oxidative profile responses of horses in the attachment site of A. sculptum to find variations that indicate resistance and susceptibility between the breeds to this tick, based on the hypothesis that resistant animals have a greater inflammatory response and lesser numb...
Effect of uterine ozone therapy and anticoagulant sampling on oxidative stress parameters in mares. With the purpose of assessing the effects of uterine ozone therapy and anticoagulant sampling on oxidative stress (OS) parameters in mares, ten mares underwent three consecutive days of uterine ozone therapy by flushing the uterus with ozonated lactated Ringer's solution followed by insufflation with ozone‑oxygen gas. Serum samples were obtained at baseline and days 3, 6, 10 and 17 to determine the effect of ozone therapy on OS markers. Plasma obtained with anticoagulants citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and heparin were at baseline and 6 days following therapy to determine t...
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (LC-MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of estrone-3-sulfate, progesterone, estrone and estradiol in serum of mares and American bisons. Steroid concentrations in serum are fluctuating during pregnancy of many mammal species. The current knowledge about endocrinology of gestation is mainly based on immunoassays. However, the lack of specificity of these assays hampers the reliability of the results. In the present work, we developed and validated a methodology associating liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) to simultaneously quantify, with high specificity and accuracy, estrone-3-sulfate (E3S), progesterone (PRO), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in serum of two different mammal species. The sample preparation ...
Apoptosis in epithelial cells and its correlation with leukocyte accumulation in lamellar tissue from horses subjected to experimental sepsis-associated laminitis. Inflammation and apoptosis in the hoof lamellar interface both contribute to the early stages of sepsis-associated laminitis, but it is not clear whether apoptosis is occurring before the onset of inflammation or is being provoked by inflammation. Apoptosis and inflammation were therefore measured in lamellar tissues obtained at different time points throughout the early stages of experimentally induced laminitis. Apoptotic cells and leukocyte were enumerated in archived paraffin embedded lamellar tissue samples from previous experiments in which acute laminitis was induced using Black Walnut ...
Epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species carriage in companion animals in the Greater Brisbane Area, Australia. To detect methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) swab samples were collected from dogs, cats and horses from South East Queensland (SE QLD). MRSP carriage in dogs was 8.7% and no MRSP was isolated from cats and horses; no MRSA was isolated. Risk factors for carriage included previous hospitalisation, previous bacterial infection, consultation type, average precipitation, and human population density. The probability of MRSP carriage was highest in Brisbane city, Sunshine Coast and Gympie. This suggests that MRSP carriage in dog populations from SE QLD...
Morphometric analysis of cardiac conduction fibers in horses and dogs, a comparative histological and immunohistochemical study with findings in human hearts. The principal function of the ventricular conduction system is rapid electrical activation of the ventricles. The aim of this study is to conduct a morphometric study to pinpoint the morphological parameters that define cardiac conduction cells, allowing us to distinguish them from other cells. Five male horse hearts and five male dog hearts were used in the study. The hearts were fixed in a 5% formaldehyde solution. Histological sections of 5 μm thickness were acquired and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome and cardiac conduction cells and their junctions were identified ...
Navicular Syndrome-related changes to collagen proportion of different cross-sections of the flexor tendons in equine distal forelimb. The aim of this study was to quantify the distribution of aligned and non-aligned collagen in cross-sections of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in different levels of the distal forelimb of equines diagnosed with NS (Navicular Syndrome). Sixty equine forelimbs were collected. Was compared two groups (NA, Not affected vs. NS-group) by t-Student. Diagnosis of NS was based on clinical and lameness examination, diagnostic analgesia and radiological findings. The proportion of aligned and non-aligned collagens at 2 levels for the SDFT and 3 levels ...
Intra-articular use of analgesic/antinflammatory drugs in dogs and horses. Joint pain is a major cause of lameness in animals such as horses and dogs, and it may affect their athletic performance and quality of life. The intra-articular administration of analgesic/antinflammatory drugs is a common practice in veterinary medicine, for both lameness diagnosis and joint pain management. It is used either perioperatively, such as in animals undergoing arthroscopy/arthrotomy, and in osteoarthritic animals. However, evidence regarding efficacy and safety of each drug is limited, and controversies persist in these areas. In particular, it is often uncertain whether a define...
Newly isolated lytic bacteriophages for Staphylococcus intermedius, structurally and functionally stabilized in a hydroxyethylcellulose gel containing choline geranate: Potential for transdermal permeation in veterinary phage therapy. In the present research work, we propose a new antimicrobial treatment for pyoderma via cutaneous permeation of bacteriophage particles conveyed in a hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel integrating ionic liquid as a permeation enhancer. Ionic liquids are highly viscous fluids constituted exclusively by ions, that are usually hydrolytically stable and promote solubilization of amphipathic molecules such as proteins, hence serving as green solvents and promoting the transdermal permeation of biomolecules. In the research effort entertained herein, the synthesis and use of choline geranate for integr...
Is the French SIRE equine information system a good basis for surveillance and epidemiological research? Quality assessment using two surveys. Accurate demographic knowledge of the equine population is needed to assess and model equine health events. France is one of the few European countries with an operational centralized database (SIRE) recording individual data on all declared equines living in France and on their owners and keepers. Our study aimed to assess SIRE database quality concerning the updating of information by equine owners and keepers with a view to its improvement and use in surveillance and research. Two online surveys were conducted with the participation of 6244 registered keepers and 13,869 owners. Results show...
An assessment of the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid and polyacrylamide hydrogel in horses with osteoarthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. For several years, hyaluronic acid (HyA) and, more recently, polyacrylamide hydrogel (PHyd) have been used to reduce lameness and pain caused by osteoarthritis. However, there is still a lack of scientific evidence of the efficacy of these substances to allow veterinary experts to make decisions about their use in horses. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), the efficacy of HyA, associated or not with other drugs, and PHyd in relieving lameness in horses with osteoarthritis. The searches for primary studies were conducted on ...
Arterial oxygenation in anesthetized horses placed in a 5-degree reverse Trendelenburg position. Low arterial oxygen is a common complication in anesthetized horses and placing the animal in reverse Trendelenburg (RT) position may treat hypoxemia. The objective of this study was to assess the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) in horses placed in a 5-degree RT compared to horizontal (H) position. Client-owned healthy horses (n = 60) undergoing elective surgeries were enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical study. Horses were sedated with butorphanol, an α-adrenoceptor agonist, ± acepromazine and induced with ketamine combined with a benzodiazepine, propofol, or guaifenesin...
Metabolomics analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples in horses with naturally-occurring asthma and experimentally-induced airway inflammation. The present work characterized the metabolomic profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in healthy horses, experimentally-induced airway inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) nebulization, and naturally-occurring asthma (n = 3 in each group). All animals underwent clinical and upper airway endoscopic examinations, and bronchoalveolar lavage. BALF supernatant samples were subjected to metabolic analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, 67 peaks were obtained from BALF GC-MS analysis, corresponding to 53 metabolites which were categorized according to ch...
Quality control and immunomodulatory potential for clinical-grade equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and conditioned medium. This study aimed to assess the safety and reproducibility of cell therapy for its use in clinical practice. We performed immunophenotypic characterization of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) by flow cytometry using CD90, CD19, CD14, CD105, CD45, and HLA-DR markers (n = 4); GTG banding cytogenetic analysis (n = 3); and microbiological quality control (n = 4). The immunomodulatory potentials of BMMSCs (n = 4) and its conditioned medium (CM, n = 3) were investigated by in vitro lymphocyte inhibition assay using phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral ...
Toxoplasma gondii infections in horses, donkeys, and other equids: The last decade. Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. The present review summarizes worldwide information on the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections, epidemiology, and genetic diversity of T. gondii in horses, donkeys and other equids in the past decade. This review will be of interest to biologists, parasitologists, veterinarians, and public health workers.
A retrospective study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in barrel racing horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and asthma in Texas from 2016 to 2018. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) and asthma in barrel racing horses is a common disease across the United States. Limited information is available on non-infectious respiratory diseases in this population, the interaction between these two diseases, and the occurrence of both EIPH and asthma in the horse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytological results of barrel racing horses with EIPH, asthma, or both. A retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of horses that presented with cough and decreased athletic perform...
Accuracy of differences in blood and peritoneal glucose to differentiate between septic and non-septic peritonitis in horses. Difference in blood and peritoneal glucose (DBPG) is used in clinical practice to support a diagnosis of septic peritonitis in horses. It is inexpensive, easy and rapid to perform. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the DBPG to differentiate between septic and non-septic peritonitis in horses. Blood and peritoneal fluids were harvested from suspected animals. Plasma and peritoneal glucose levels, total nucleated cell count, direct microscopic and microbiological examinations of the peritoneal fluid were evaluated. Using DBPG levels, the animals were classified into two group...
Assessment of peripheral blood neutrophil respiratory burst, phagocytosis and apoptosis in obese non-insulin dysregulated horses. Obesity is a highly prevalent condition in horses. Dysfunctional neutrophil activity has been reported in metabolically healthy obese humans, but minimal data exist regarding horses. The present study evaluated the effect of obesity on apoptosis, phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of peripheral blood neutrophils from lean and obese non-insulin dysregulated horses. Seven lean (BCS, body condition score 4-6/9) and five obese (BCS 8-9) horses were enrolled in the study. All animals underwent two metabolic tests (OGT, oral glucose test; IRT, insulin response test) before their selection to ...
Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) in co-occurring vulvar and gastric lesions of a pony. In horses, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are the most common malignant tumors developing on non-pigmented skin, muco-cutaneous areas, like external genitalia, and, less frequently, in the stomach. Growing evidence suggests Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) as causative agent of genital SCCs. Our case report describes a 20-year-old, female, mixed-breed pony with co-occurring vulvar papilloma and in situ carcinoma and gastric SCC. Both lesions were positive for the same EcPV2, as confirmed by DNA sequencing. E6 mRNA expression was observed both in vulvar lesions and gastric SCC, whi...
Is the T-ligament a ligament? A histological study in equine cadaver forelimbs. Foot pain is a frequent cause of lameness in horses and can involve multiple structures within the hoof. The T-ligament (an anatomical structure connecting the synovium of the distal interphalangeal joint, the digital flexor tendon sheath and the navicular bursa) is poorly described. Five pairs of equine cadaver distal forelimbs were collected from a slaughterhouse. Sagittal sections (medial, middle and lateral) were obtained and processed with Haematoxylin Eosin Safran, Unna's Orcein, and Picrosirius red stains. Histological assessment revealed that the T-ligament was covered by the surroundi...
Ozone therapy in veterinary medicine: A review. Ozone (O) is a triatomic form of oxygen. As O rapidly dissociates into water and releases a reactive form of oxygen that may oxidize cells, the gas mixture of O/O is used in medicine. ATP is widely available for cellular activity. O can be administered via the systemic and local routes. Although O is known as one of the most powerful oxidants, it also promotes antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, it stimulates some of the cells of the immune system and inactivates pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, protozoa, and viruses. Owing to these activities, O is used to improve several diseases...
Effect of food contamination and collection material in the measurement of biomarkers in saliva of horses. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the presence of food and the material used in a panel of biomarkers in saliva of horses. For the food effect study, clean saliva was incubated with a known amount of food consisting of oats, hay or grass. Significant changes were observed when saliva was incubated with oats for total protein (PÂ =Â .050) and phosphorus (PÂ =Â .008), with grass for total protein (PÂ =Â .037), salivary alpha-amylase (sAA, PÂ =Â .018), total esterase (TEA, PÂ =Â .018), butyrilcholinesterase (BChE, PÂ =Â .037), adenosine deaminase (ADA, PÂ =Â .037), and total bilirubin (PÂ...
Gene expression markers in horse articular chondrocytes: Chondrogenic differentiaton IN VITRO depends on the proliferative potential and ageing. Implication for tissue engineering of cartilage. Chondrocyte dedifferentiation is a key limitation in therapies based on autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage repair. Articular chondrocytes, obtained from (metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal) joints of different aged horses, were cultured in monolayer for several passages (P0 to P8). Cumulative Populations Doublings Levels (PDL) and gene expression of relevant chondrocyte phenotypic markers were analysed during culturing. Overall data confirmed that, during proliferation in vitro, horse chondrocytes undergo marked morphological and phenotypic alterations of their differen...
Relaxing effects of clenbuterol, ritodrine, salbutamol and fenoterol on the contractions of horse isolated bronchi induced by different stimuli. β-adrenoceptor agonists are considered the most effective drugs to counteract bronchoconstriction in horses with asthma, but only clenbuterol is commonly employed in clinical practice. We evaluated the effects of different selective β agonists: clenbuterol, ritodrine, salbutamol, and fenoterol on the contractions of isolated bronchial muscle of horses induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS), carbachol, histamine, and KCl. All β agonists reduced the amplitude of contraction induced by the different stimuli but with variable efficacy and potency. Fenoterol and salbutamol were more effec...
Histological and morphometric study of the components of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes in horses and dogs. The cardiac nodes are the source of the electrical impulse that is transmitted to the heart, the aim of this work is study the histological and morphometric characteristics of the different components of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes in horses and dogs that help to know the physiopathology of these nodes. A group of ten horse hearts and five dog hearts were used. The region of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes was sectioned serially, and the block of tissue removed for study. The samples were assessed using a morphometric analysis with the Image-Pro Plus 7.1 software and the acquisit...
Prospective randomized comparison of platelet rich plasma to extracorporeal shockwave therapy for treatment of proximal suspensory pain in western performance horses. Proximal suspensory desmitis (PSD) is a frequent cause of lameness in the performance horse. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (EST) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) have become common treatments for PSD yet clinical data on efficacy is limited. The main objective of this randomized, prospective clinical study was to compare long-term effectiveness of EST and PRP in Western performance horses. One hundred horses with lameness localized to the proximal suspensory ligament received treatment with either PRP or EST following baseline ultrasonographic evaluation. A veterinarian and agent evaluated th...
