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Topic:Anatomy
Anatomy in horses encompasses the study of the structural organization of the equine body, including the bones, muscles, organs, and systems that function together to sustain life and enable movement. Understanding equine anatomy is important for veterinarians, equine scientists, and horse owners, as it provides insights into how horses move, how they respond to external stimuli, and how various conditions can affect their health and performance. Key anatomical features in horses include the musculoskeletal system, which provides support and locomotion; the cardiovascular system, which circulates blood and nutrients; and the respiratory system, which facilitates gas exchange. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the detailed anatomy of horses, focusing on the structure and function of different body systems, their interrelationships, and their relevance to equine health, performance, and veterinary care.
Cell morphology and collagen types in equine tendon scar. The histological appearance of cells and tissues in the reparative scar tissue which forms in the equine superficial flexor tendon following partial rupture was compared to that of normal tendon. The repair fibroblasts were found to be larger and more basophilic than the tenocytes of normal tendon, to have large vesicular nuclei and to resemble the 'myofibroblasts' described in scar tissue elsewhere. The cell to matrix ratio in scarred zones of tendon was found to be increased and the concentration of collagen in these areas was less than in normal tendon. However, the scar tissue collagen was...
Vascular anatomy and surgical technique for bilateral adrenalectomy in the equid. The vascular anatomy of the adrenal glands and a surgical technique for bilateral adrenalectomy in the equid are described. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in six ponies and one horse via bilateral transcostal retroperitoneal approaches through the 18th rib during a single anesthetic period. Complications included hemorrhage from the right side only and pneumothorax which usually occurred on the right side. One pony died as a result of the surgical technique. Maintenance of adrenal function was accomplished with desoxycorticosterone pivilate and prednisolone.
Skin surface lipids of the horse. Skin surface lipids from the sides of male and female horses (Equus caballus) were collected in acetone and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. The sole components in both sexes were cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and the lactones of 32-, 32- and 36-carbon omega-hydroxy acids, each including a methyl group in the n-1 position. Most of the lactones were monounsaturated (either n-8 or n-10), but small amounts of saturated and dienoic species were present. A pooled sample of the skin surface lipids contained 14% cholesterol, 38% cholesteryl esters and 48% lactone...
Mucosal alterations in experimentally induced small intestinal strangulation obstruction in ponies. Small intestinal strangulation obstruction (ISO) was produced in seven ponies (under pentobarbital-anesthesia) by arteriovenous ligation. Positive-pressure ventilation with room air was used to maintain arterial PCO2 at the initiation of the ISO. Biopsy materials obtained from affected intestines at various times were evaluated, using histopathologic examination and scanning electron microscopy. Mucosal and villus degeneration was graded 0 to V and compared with intestinal gross color, motility, and wall thickness. The mucosa at the tip of the villus was the first to be affected. Degeneration ...
Basilar skull fractures in three horses. Of three horses with basilar skull fractures, two died within 48 hours. The remaining horse was euthanatized because of a locomotion deficit. Clinical signs included epistaxis followed by ataxia. In each case, the basi-occipital bone and ventral portion of the calvarium were involved in the fracture. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs or radiographic appearance of guttural pouches, or both.
Occlusion of internal carotid artery in the horse by means of a balloon-tipped catheter: evaluation of a method designed to prevent epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis. A procedure developed to occlude the internal carotid artery of horses with guttural pouch mycosis was modified was modified and evaluated in nine clinically normal horses. The left internal carotid artery was ligated at its origin and occluded distally with an intraluminal balloon catheter. In four horses, the balloon-tipped catheters were left in place until these horses were euthanatized at 4 to 244 days after surgery. In the remaining horses, the catheters were removed after 10 to 14 days by a cutdown procedure, and these horses were euthanatized 1 to 60 days after catheter removal. In bot...
Morphometric and electrophysiologic study of the photoreceptors in the horse. No abstract available
[Structure and topography of nucleus dorsalis in the spinal cord of horses]. The material for the study was taken from 2 spinal cords of sexually mature horses. Preparations obtained from this material were stained according to Nissl and with the use of cresyl violet. The nucleus dorsalis of the horse extends from the 8th cervical neuromere to the 3rd lumbar neuromere of the spinal cord. The cells which form this nucleus lie in the grey matter of the spinal cord, dorsolaterally of the central canal. The nucleus dorsalis is made out of large and medium-size round and oval cells. The characteristic feature of the structure and configuration of this nucleus in the horse i...
