Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
Enteroliths in horses. Many cases of enteroliths were reported in the nineteenth century but the number greatly decreased in the early twentieth century. However, in recent years the number of cases in certain parts of the United States such as California has greatly increased. The reasons for the increase are obscure. The intake of nitrogen, magnesium and phosphorus (the primary components of enteroliths) from water and food is likely to be a factor. Arabians may be more likely to develop enteroliths than horses of other breeds. A nidus such as a small stone is needed because a nidus has been found in every enterol...
Group C streptococcal arthritis. A case report of equine transmission. Presented is the third known case of a group C streptococcal arthritis, this case documented in a healthy 42-year-old horse trainer, apparently transmitted by a mare. After a delayed diagnosis, the patient responded favorably to surgical drainage and parenteral penicillin G, but required a manipulation of his knee under general anesthesia. Although rare, group C streptococcal arthritis can occur in hosts with no apparent predisposing factors. Frequent exposure to farm animals may increase the risk.
Clinical pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract. This article discusses the various drugs that affect the equine gastrointestinal tract. Drugs that alter intestinal motility, that protect the gastrointestinal tract, and that alter secretions, as well as analgesics, appetite stimulants, and orally administered antimicrobial agents are reviewed.
An equine rotavirus (FI-14 strain) which bears both subgroup I and subgroup II specificities on its VP6. An equinine rotavirus FI-14 strain, originally isolated from a diarrheic foal in New York state, was shown to belong to serotype 3 by neutralization assay. In addition, it was found to react with both subgroup I and subgroup II monoclonal antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), thus representing the first rotavirus strain to exhibit both subgroup specificities. By using hybridoma technology, we successfully produced monoclonal antibodies directed against the major inner capsid protein VP6 (the sixth gene product) of FI-14 virus. Such monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically ...
Adverse drug reactions in the horse. Adverse drug reactions occasionally occur in the horse. The majority can be anticipated and avoided. The practicing veterinarian should understand the various types of adverse reactions as well as their mechanisms so that should such a reaction occur, the practitioner can promptly recognize the problem and institute corrective measures.
Course and extent of variation of equine infectious anemia virus during parallel persistent infections. Comparisons of peptide and oligonucleotide maps of glycoproteins and RNA from nine isolates of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) that were generated during parallel infections of two Shetland ponies revealed that each isolate was structurally unique. Each EIAV isolate contained a unique subset of variant peptides, oligonucleotides, or both, indicating that structural variation in EIAV is a random and noncumulative process and that a large spectrum of possible EIAV variants can be generated in infected animals.
Neurological disease and lipofuscinosis in horses and sheep grazing Trachyandra divaricata (branched onion weed) in south Western Australia. A severe paretic syndrome accompanied by intense neuronal lipofuscinosis is described in sheep and horses exposed to Trachyandra divaricata. This is a newly recognised toxic hazard for grazing livestock in the coastal region of the south west of Western Australia. Animals appear to become affected over a period of weeks when summer conditions induce a scarcity of alternative feed. The disease is discussed in relation to its recent documentation in South Africa where the plant is indigenous.
Further observations on the keratinolytic activity of strains of the genus Epidermophyton. The ability of 17 strains of Epidermophyton to perforate hair in vitro using the Ajello & Georg's test procedure and a modification of Lu's method has been studied. Following the Ajello & Georg's test procedure only E. stockdaleae perforated hair. Sporadically some strains of E. floccosum perforated horse hair. We noted as well unusual perforations originated from inside to outside of the hair. By the other technique, all strains, excepting E. floccosum var. nigricans in child hair, perforated hair. E. floccosum showed these perforations later than E. stockdaleae.
Seasonal changes in density and tissue distribution of Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae in ponies and related changes in Culicoides variipennis populations in Louisiana. Seasonal changes in density and spatial distribution of Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae were studied in ventral-midline skin of 15 infected pony mares in southern Louisiana. Triple running mean analysis of data over a 13-mo period indicated that a distinct pattern exists in total microfilariae population density and in microfilariae occurrence in different levels of the dermis. Microfilariae density reaches peak levels in the spring followed by a 58% decrease in the summer, a 19% increase in the fall, and a decrease to the lowest numbers in the winter. Microfilariae were found in all level...
Hormone therapy for control of reproduction in mares and stallions. Because the reproductive performance of mares is lower than that of any other domesticated species, hormone therapy is important in ensuring fertility and proper management of pregnancy. Current techniques of hormone therapy are discussed.
Injectable anesthetics and anesthetic adjuncts. The purpose of this article is to review the use of selected anesthetics and anesthetic adjuncts in horses. Emphasis is placed on the pharmacologic bases of their use.
Comparison of naturally occurring poliovirus-reactive immunoglobulins in bovine and equine sera. Bovine and equine sera were screened for poliovirus-reactive immunoglobulins (PRIgs) by means of neutralization and precipitation reactions with type 1 poliovirus. Bovine serum B1826 and B36 were found to contain such PRIgs from their reactivity to various PRIgs-resistant mutants of type 1 poliovirus origin. Neutralization and precipitation reactions with six mono-specific antibodies obtained by absorbing antiserum with each of the six different PRIgs-resistant virus mutants revealed that three antibodies were active in precipitation reaction while the others were substantially ineffective. On...
Anthelmintics used in treatment of parasitic infections of horses. The common anthelmintics used to treat parasitic infections of horses are described. Dosage, anthelmintic spectrum, formulation and administration, mode of action, toxicity contraindications, and resistance of parasites to anthelmintics are included.
Radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone in equids. Radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone (PTH) in equids was performed on blood samples from healthy equids and equids with hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. The assay was validated for equine carboxy-terminal PTH. Manipulation of serum ionized Ca in healthy equids by infusing Na2 EDTA and CaCl2 produced an expected increase and decrease, respectively, in measurable immunoreactive PTH. Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation were 2.6% and 11.7%, respectively. The range of PTH valves for healthy mature horse mares and geldings maintained on pasture was less than 0.27 ng/ml to 0.9...
Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from calves and the prevalence of antibodies in cattle, sheep, horses, antelopes, buffaloes and rabbits. The lungs of 139 calves presented for autopsy and 29 healthy slaughtered calves were examined for Legionella by culture and by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) with fluorescein-conjugated antisera. About 17% of the cadaver lungs and 4% of lungs from slaughtered animals were positive by DIF. Legionella organisms were only isolated from the lungs of two cadavers (L. pneumophila, serogroup 1). In a prevalence study of antibodies to Legionella in domestic and wild animals of various species, titers of greater than or equal to 64 were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence in sera of 10% of dai...
Right atrioventricular atresia and ventricular septal defect in a foal. Right atrioventricular atresia with a ventricular septal defect, a rare congenital cardiac anomaly of either animals or man, was diagnosed in a one week old Arabian foal. The foal had been weak and cyanotic since birth, sometimes becoming dyspneic when stressed. Necropsy revealed a dilated and hypertrophied left ventricle with the right ventricle being small. The right atrioventricular valve was absent. The right and left ventricles communicated via a septal defect which was located immediately adjacent to the aortic valve.
Beta-endorphin: peripheral opioid activity of homologues from six species. The peripheral opioid activity of six homologous beta-endorphins (beta-EPs) were assayed on the guinea pig ileum and the vas deferens of the mouse, the rat and the rabbit. In the guinea pig ileum assay, human beta-EP (beta h-EP) was less potent than camel, turkey, and ostrich beta-EPs, of the same potency as equine beta-EP and more active than des-acetyl salmon beta-EP. In the rat vas deferens, mammalian beta-EPs showed higher activity than those from the bird and the fish, whereas in the mouse vas deferens assay, beta h-EP is more active than those from other species. In the rabbit vas defere...
Esophageal manometry in horses, cows, and sheep during deglutition. Esophageal pressure events during deglutition were evaluated in healthy adult animals (6 horses, 6 cattle, and 5 sheep), using a 3-side hole catheter assembly perfused with water by use of a hydraulic-capillary infusion system. The peak postdeglutition pressure, contraction time, and contraction length were determined for the cranial and caudal esophageal sphincter regions and for each functionally different region within the body of the esophagus. The percentage of deglutitions in which relaxation developed at the sphincter regions and the propagation speed (velocity at which pressure waves t...
Role of progesterone in mobility, fixation, orientation, and survival of the equine embryonic vesicle. Luteal progesterone was removed by an injection of prostaglandin F2alpha or bilateral ovariectomy on Day 12 of pregnancy in pony mares. The embryonic vesicle remained mobile in the uterus until loss occurred on Days 13, 13, 15, or 19 in four prostaglandin-treated mares and Days 15, 17, 19, or 26 in four ovariectomized mares. Exogenous progesterone given daily, starting on Day 12, maintained pregnancy until Day 40 in five of five prostaglandin-treated and three of four ovariectomized mares. During two-hour mobility trials on Day 14, embryonic vesicles in mares without luteal or exogenous proges...
[Alder buckthorn poisoning in horses]. Seven cases of poisoning in horses are reported. This was caused by ingestion of branches of the alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus (mill.) syn. Rhamnus frangula L.), which had been thrown on the pasture. The biological characteristics and the toxic action of the plant are discussed more fully.
