Omneity® Pellets
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Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
Use of ultrasonography for the detection of aortic-iliac thrombosis in horses. Two dimensional ultrasonographic evaluation of the iliac arteries and terminal portion of the aorta was utilized in 18 horses with histories of exercise intolerance or hindlimb lameness. A plaque or thrombus was imaged in one or more of these vessels in 5 horses. In 2 horses, the initial rectal examination findings were normal and the thrombus may have been missed without the use of diagnostic ultrasonography.
Exercise training-induced hypervolemia in the horse. The purpose of this study was to determine if a chronic hypervolemia would accompany endurance exercise training in the horse. Six mature previously inactive horses were utilized for this study. During the 5-wk experiment, five of the horses were trained for 14 d on a treadmill ergometer at a constant treadmill speed of 5.6 km X hr-1 and a constant grade of 12.5% for graduated lengths of time. One horse was trained by lunging at a trotting pace in a round pen. Following training, plasma volume increased by 4.7 1 (29.1%, P less than 0.05). Although the rate of daily water intake did not change ...
Midline scrotal ablation technique for unilateral cryptorchid castration in horses. Thirty-nine unilateral cryptorchid horses were castrated, using a midline scrotal ablation technique. This approach was satisfactory to access both inguinal rings, to eliminate the need for 2 incisions, and to allow for completion of the surgery by primary closure. These horses recovered from surgery with few complications, returned to work promptly, and had excellent cosmetic results.
Arterial hypotension and the development of postanesthetic myopathy in halothane-anesthetized horses. The effect of halothane-induced hypotension on the development of postanesthetic myopathy was studied, using 6 healthy adult horses. Horses were anesthetized with halothane in oxygen for 3.5 hours on each of 2 occasions. Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation was used to maintain PaCO2 of 45 to 55 mm of Hg throughout both anesthetic exposures. By regulating the inspired halothane concentration, a mean arterial blood pressure of 85 to 95 mm of Hg (normotension) was maintained throughout the 1st anesthetic exposure, and a mean arterial blood pressure of 55 to 65 mm of Hg (hypotension) was ma...
The ELY-1 locus controls a di-allelic alloantigenic system on equine lymphocytes. The ELY-1 locus controls the expression of a polymorphic cell surface antigen of equine lymphocytes which was detected using antibodies generated by alloimmunization with peripheral blood lymphocytes. The ELY-1 antigens were not detected on erythrocytes or platelets by absorption experiments. The two alleles, which have been designated ELY-1.1 and ELY-1.2, are expressed codominantly and appear to constitute a closed system at the population level. In family studies, the ELY-1 antigens segregated as products of an autosomal locus not linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the h...
Effects of xylazine on equine intestinal vascular resistance, motility, compliance, and oxygen consumption. Isolated jejunal segments were perfused at a constant blood flow rate to determine simultaneously the effects of xylazine on intestinal vascular resistance, motility, compliance, and oxygen consumption in 12 anesthetized ponies. Xylazine was infused into the artery perfusing the intestinal segment (group 1), or into the jugular vein as a single IV bolus (group 2), or 3 times as IV boluses repeated at 10-minute intervals (group 3). Dose-response curves in group 1 indicated a biphasic response to the drug with vasoconstriction, increased motility, and increased oxygen consumption at lower doses ...
Evaluation for veterinary use of the Chiltern box: a device for home electrocardiographic monitoring. The Chiltern Box is a small electrocardiograph designed for home monitoring of human patients. Its veterinary application has been investigated in the dog, the cat and the horse. It has been useful in the diagnosis of previously undiagnosed dysrhythmias in dogs showing signs of exercise intolerance and syncope.
The use of a bovine plasma progesterone ELISA kit to measure progesterone in equine, ovine and canine plasmas. A commerical kit designed to measure the concentration of progesterone in bovine plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been assessed for measuring progesterone in the plasma of horses, sheep and dogs. Without validation, an immunoassay developed for progesterone in one species should not be used to measure progesterone in the plasma of other species. The kit was assessed by using the criteria of parallelism to a standard curve, the recovery of added progesterone, the correlation with an established radioimmunoassay and the detection of physiological change for each of t...
Changes in nonspecific immunity factor in some Equidae, Camelidae and Capridae species. Plasma lysozyme activity changed during the 2 years of the investigation period. In some species (e.g. ponies and goats) there are only seasonal fluctuations with the highest levels during summer and autumn in ponies and during winter in goats. In two Camelidae species, guanacos and llamas, only, downward trends were found, whereas in donkeys, both types of changes: seasonal variations with the maximal level during autumn and an upward long-term trend were found.
Frequencies of plasma protease inhibitor alleles in Australian horse breeds and the recognition of two new alleles. Investigation of the plasma protease inhibitor system (Pi) in the Arabian and quarter horse breeds and re-examination of the standardbred breed resulted in the recognition of two new Pi alleles, designated E and L2. PiE is rare and has been found in only three quarter horses. In contrast, PiL2 is relatively common in the standardbred (0.107) and allowed subdivision of PiL into PiL and PiL2. Splitting of PiL resulted in an exclusion probability (PE) of 0.649 for the standardbred Pi system. Frequencies of the Pi genes have now been determined for four breeds (thoroughbred, standardbred, quarter ...
Observations on tracheal mucociliary clearance in horses. The rate of movement up the mucociliary escalator of Technetium99m tagged to macroaggregated albumin was measured in 7 normal horses and 8 with respiratory disease. The activity at 2 sites in the neck, separated by 12-15 cm, was measured using a hand held scintillation counter and rate meter. In normal horses the Technetium complex moved as a bolus up the neck with a mean rate of 1.58 cm/min. In the horses with respiratory disease the Technetium complex was less likely to move as a discrete bolus and in three horses it was not possible to measure the transport rate. The remainder had a mean tr...
Pemphigoid in domestic animals. Pemphigoid (from the Greek “resembling pemphigus”) has been recognized in humans for many years. The occurence of pemphigoid in domestic animals is a much more recent observation. In the dog, bullous pemphigoid was first documented in 1978.1 Equine bullous pemphigoid was originally reported in 1981.2 The purpose of this article is to review pemphigoid in domestic animals, compare the disease with its human counterpart, and alert the physician to an exciting area for comparative dermatologic research.
Analysis of the physiological processes connected with sexual maturation of stallions. Physiological processes connected with sexual maturation of stallions were observed on 10 half-breed Anglo-Arab stallions beginning from 8 months of age, until 4.5 years of age. It was found that there is full somatic and sexual development in the stallion reached around the age of 3.5 years, and the sperm morphology stabilized in the range of the physiological norm around 3.0 years of age. On the other hand biochemical components of the semen plasma such as glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), ergothioneine (EGT), total protein (PRT), up to age 4.5 years, reach significantly lower value than in m...
Quantification of equine ground reaction force patterns. A method was developed to quantify the ground reaction force pattern of the horse. A number of selected force amplitudes and peak-time positions in the normalized stance phase of left and right contralateral limbs were used to calculate symmetry indices. Data from each limb were compared with those of a 'standard horse' resulting in limb indices. The combination of amplitude and peak-time symmetry and limb indices yielded one H(orse)INDEX. These indices were useful for comparison of different horses and for the evaluation of lameness and treatment.
Trabecular bone remodeling around smooth and porous implants in an equine patellar model. The objective of this investigation was to examine the stress-morphology relationships for trabecular bone around implants with different surface characteristics. Stainless steel spheres with either a polished surface or a sintered-bead porous coating were implanted unilaterally into equine patellae and maintained for a 6 month period. Stereological methods were used to quantify the trabecular bone morphology and finite element analyses were performed to predict the trabecular bone stresses. In general, the remodeling response around the smooth implants was greater than that around those porou...
Equine basal cell tumors. Basal cell tumors from 11 horses were examined histologically. Distinct patterns identified in the order of frequency are adenoid (six), solid (three), and medusoid (two). A minor component of most of these neoplasms was a ribbon pattern and cystic spaces. Hyalinized connective tissue and clear cells reminiscent of hair follicle glassy membranes and outer root sheath were present in a solid and the medusoid tumors. Heavy melanin pigmentation was present in one solid basal cell tumor. In eight cases for which information was available, the tumors had not recurred 3 to 8 years after excision.
Practicalities of insemination of mares with deep-frozen semen. From 341 stallions examined for sperm quality, 61% of warm-blooded stallions and 47% of cold-blooded stallions fulfilled the pre-existing criteria for their occasional use in insemination. From these stallions 51-71% of acceptable ejaculates were obtained. Altogether 959 mares were inseminated in an average of 1.36 oestrous cycles. For the insemination of one mare in one oestrous cycle on the average 2.2 insemination doses were used. These inseminations were carried out by 41 cattle insemination technicians trained in mare insemination. A pregnancy rate of 56% and a foaling rate of 48% were ac...
Susceptibility of various cell culture systems to pseudorabies virus. A comparative study was carried out to determine the susceptibility of five different cell lines to pseudorabies virus (PRV), a herpes virus of pigs. The cell systems tested were swine testicle (ST), mink lung (ML), equine dermal (ED), porcine kidney (PK15), and bovine turbinate (BT) cells. Virus titers obtained were 10(4.88), 10(4.38), 10(3.75), 10(2.63), and 10(0.25) for ML, ST, PK15, BT and ED cells, respectively indicating that ML, ST, and PK15 are optimal cell lines for the growth of PRV whereas BT and ED are not very sensitive.
[Corrosion anatomical studies of the blood vessel system of the mare ovary]. The ovary of the mare is vascularized by two branches of the A. ovarica, which differ in diameter. They take a characteristic course in this organ. Near the ovulation fossa several branches of 1st and 2nd class leave the A. ovarica to provide the functional structures. These vessels are formed like a corkscrew. At the veins and its ramifications there are sphincter-like structures which support the venous valves. They are of haemodynamic importance for the different phases of the functional structures.
Use of an ELISA in the differential diagnosis of cauda equina neuritis and other equine neuropathies. In 27 potential neuropathies an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using P2 preparations from either bovine or equine myelin, detected all cases of cauda equina neuritis in which there was caudal involvement. The test was of limited value in differentiating neuropathies involving only cranial or other peripheral nerves.
