Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
Effects of blood contamination on cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Data were obtained from 190 cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from both clinically normal and diseased dogs, cats, cows, and horses. Red blood cells, indicating blood contamination, were identified in 115 samples. White blood cells were a rare finding in normal animals. Blood contamination appeared to have little effect on white blood cell numbers even though, in several samples, thousands of red blood cells were identified. An accepted formula to correct for blood contamination was found to be an unreliable method to determine "uncontaminated" values for white blood cells, total protein, ...
Inactivation of equine infectious anemia virus by chemical disinfectants. Twelve chemicals and commercial disinfectants were tested for inactivation of equine infectious anemia virus. In the presence of 10% bovine serum, all chemicals inactivated 4 log10 (based on 0.1 ml) of the virus within 5 minutes at 23 C. A reduction of at least 4 log10 was observed when the virus was exposed for 1 minute to substituted phenolic disinfectants (3 commercial preparations and sodium orthophenylphenate), halogen derivatives (iodophor and sodium hypochlorite), chlorhexidine, and 70% ethanol. Sodium hydroxide (5%), 2% formalin, and 2% glutaraldehyde were slower to inactivate the viru...
Fibrous foreign body impaction colic in young horses. OF 207 horses with colic seen over a 36-month period, 10 were determined to have impaction colic caused by ingestion of synthetic fencing material. In 6 cases, there was history of exposure to rubberized fencing products. All horses affected were less than or equal to 3 years of age, had signs of mild to moderate abdominal pain, and were unresponsive to usual symptomatic therapy. At surgery, each horse was found to have an impaction involving the distal right dorsal colon, transverse colon, or small colon, and in some cases, all 3 bowel segments. In 9 cases, the involved segment of bowel could...
Surgical approach to the equine brachial plexus. Eleven ponies were used to perfect a surgical approach to the brachial plexus that would offer maximal exposure to the plexus, with minimal trauma. One pony was euthanatized to determine whether surgical exposure to the plexus was feasible. By approaching the plexus from the prescapular region, the only muscle that was found necessary to incise was the cutaneus omobrachialis. The rest of the procedure required only blunt dissection. In the other 10 ponies, the wounds healed by first intention, and the gait was not affected by the surgery.
The influence of chlormadinone acetate treatment on the concentration of some steroids in the blood, on the ovarian activity, and on the sexual behaviour of the mare. The effect of orally administered chlormadinone acetate (CAP), 10 mg daily for a period of 16 days, was investigated in the case of four mares with an irregular oestrous pattern accompanied by low ovarian activity (group 1), four mares which did not show oestrous symptoms at all and which had also low ovarian activity (group 2), and two ovariectomized and two ovario-hysterectomized mares (group 3). In all mares of group 1 and in the two ovariectomized mares of group 3 oestrus symptoms became apparent during treatment. Two mares of group 2 came into heat 8 and 11 days after the cessation of tre...
Clinical application of cerebrospinal fluid creatine phosphokinase determination. Creatine phosphokinase activity was determined in cerebrospinal fluid samples submitted for analysis from 126 animals suspected of having central nervous system disease. Values less than 1 sigma unit/ml were obtained on 32 samples and values less than or equal to 1 sigma unit/ml were obtained on 94 samples. The creatine phosphokinase values were increased in all cases of feline toxoplasmosis and feline infectious peritonitis. From other cases, especially seizure disorders and suspected poisonings, and apparent aid in prognosis for future cases was identified.
An evaluation of chemical restraining agents in the horse. An evaluation of acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg intramuscularly), azaperone (0.7 and 0.9 mg/kg intramuscularly) and xylazine (2.0 mg/kg intramuscularly) as chemical restraining agents was carried out in seven horses. (Xylazine and azaperone were used at the recommended dose rates; acepromazine at five times the recommended dose rates). Of the three drugs administered only azaperone produced sufficient sedation in all the horses to allow a percutaneous needle muscle biopsy to be taken from six muscles. With acepromazine and xylazine this procedure could be successfully carried out in five and four hor...
Studies on the antigenicity of an inactivated, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant equine influenza vaccine. An inactivated, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant equine influenza vaccine was tested in horses and guinea pigs to determine the levels of antigen that would elicit maximum serological responses. Vaccine containing serial twofold increments of A/Equi-1/Prague and A/Equi-2/Miami strains of equine influenza virus was administered to random groupings of both types of test animals. The hemagglutination inhibition antibody response for each group was then measured. Results in horses and guinea pigs were compared to determine if the equine serological values could be related to a potency test in laborator...
Enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane potency in horses. The minimal alveolar concentration of anesthetic required to prevent gross purposeful movement in response to electrical stimulation of oral mucous membranes was determined in horses for 3 agents. Equipotent concentrations of enflurane were 2.12 volumes %; of halothane, 0.88 volumes %; and of isoflurane, 1.31 volumes +. The alveolar concentration required to produce at least 60 seconds of apnea was also determined for these agents. From these data and the minimal alveolar concentration information, anesthetic indices were determined for each agent. The indices for enflurane, halothane, and iso...
Experimental Parascaris equorum infection of foals. Six worm-free pony foals, two to four months old, were infected with parascaris equorum eggs using three different dosage regimes and killed at either 40 or 95-100 days after infection. Coughing and a circulating eosinophilia were features of large infections from which only a small number of worms developed to maturity. In small infections a high percentage of the parasites matured in the small intestine and this was associated with unthriftiness. Pre-patent periods of 80 and 83 days were recorded.
Analysis of serum proteins and cerebrospinal fluid in clinically normal horses, using agarose electrophoresis. Using agarose as a supporting matrix, electrophoresis was conducted on 50 serum samples and 20 cerebrospinal fluid samples from clinically normal horses (n = 50) of various ages and breeds. The technique was shown to be reliable. A positive correlation between age and gamma-globulin concentration was found in young horses. Features of the electrophoretograms of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples are discussed, and a nomenclature based on Rf values is proposed.
Coprophagia as seen in thoroughbred foals. Four Thoroughbred foals were seen to quickly eat part of the faeces deposited by their own dams on some 40 per cent of the mare-defaecating occasions observed between the second and fifth week after birth. They did not do it before or after this period. This behaviour was thought to be a feeding pattern which formed a normal part of the foal's development.
Serum antiproteases and respiratory diseases of the horse. The serum antiprotease (AAT) levels are reported in healthy horses and horses with respiratory diseases. Of the methods used, only the STIC test seemed to give useful results; this test showed variations in horses with respiratory diseases, especially in horses with acute alveolar pulmonary emphysema.
Bovine reaginic antibody III. Cross-reaction of antihuman IgE and antibovine reaginic immunoglobulin antisera with sera from several species of mammals. Using antisera specific for the heavy chain of human IgE and bovine reaginic immunoglobulin, the degree of cross-reaction amongst sera from pig, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, goat, cow, horse, dog, cat and human was tested. Antihuman IgE antiserum gave strong reactions with pig, rabbit, cow, goat and human sera (100% to 15.1%) and weak reactions with rat, guinea pig, horse, dog and cat sera (10.1% to 3.22%). Antibovine reagin antiserum produced a considerable amount of cross-reaction with sera from pig, rat, rabbit, goat, horse and human (43.6% to 20.1%) with limited reactions with guinea pig, dog ...
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a review. New applications in hypersensitivity reactions of cattle and horses. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the biosynthesis of kinins and prostaglandins and stabilize leukocyte lysosomal membranes. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also weakly block the biosynthesis of histamine and serotonin, and pharmacologically antagonize kinins, prostaglandins and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs effectively control both cardiovascular and respiratory manifestations of hypersensitivity in cattle and horses. This, coupled with the contrasting lack of effectiveness of "antiamine" drugs, suggests that bio-amines such as hi...
The effect of training and detraining on muscle composition in the horse. 1. Percutaneous needle biopsies were obtained from six limb muscles in six horses before and during a training programme of 10 or 15 weeks designed to involve both aerobic and anaerobic work. In a subsequent detraining period, biopsies were also taken after 5 and 10 weeks. 2. Samples were analysed biochemically for enzyme activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aldolase (ALD), citrate synthase (CS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and for glycogen content. Fibre typing was carried out histochemically before and 10 weeks after c...
