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Topic:Animal Science
Animal Science and horses encompass the study of equine biology, physiology, and management practices aimed at understanding and improving horse health, welfare, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, and behavior, to address the needs of horses in diverse contexts such as sports, work, and companionship. Research in this area often focuses on optimizing feeding strategies, enhancing breeding programs, and developing effective health management protocols. Additionally, studies explore the genetic factors influencing traits such as athleticism and disease resistance, as well as the impact of environmental and management conditions on horse behavior and welfare. This page gathers peer-reviewed research and scholarly articles that investigate the scientific principles underpinning equine science and their practical applications in horse care and management.
Variation of acidic prealbumins in the donkey (Equus asinus). Starch gel electrophoresis of 55 donkey serum samples revealed three prealbumin (Pr) phenotypes temporarily designated Pr M, Pr MT and Pr T. The distribution was in agreement with a genetic theory of two codominant alleles of frequencies, PrM = 0.87 and PrT - 0.13. Variation was also observed for proteins migrating with the same rate as the Xh zones in the horse.
Morphometric and electrophysiologic study of the photoreceptors in the horse. No abstract available
[Structure and topography of nucleus dorsalis in the spinal cord of horses]. The material for the study was taken from 2 spinal cords of sexually mature horses. Preparations obtained from this material were stained according to Nissl and with the use of cresyl violet. The nucleus dorsalis of the horse extends from the 8th cervical neuromere to the 3rd lumbar neuromere of the spinal cord. The cells which form this nucleus lie in the grey matter of the spinal cord, dorsolaterally of the central canal. The nucleus dorsalis is made out of large and medium-size round and oval cells. The characteristic feature of the structure and configuration of this nucleus in the horse i...
Serum quality: an analysis of its components. Foetal and new born bovine sera, horse serum, human serum and human plasma, and protein solutions prepared from the by-products of human plasma fractionation have been analysed. Foetal bovine sera were found to have lower total protein (g/l) and % of gamma-globulin than the other sera studied while the potassium (mmol/1) was higher. Protease inhibitors could be detected in all specimens tested.
A new method for the isolation of aminoacylase from mammalian kidneys. Aminoacylase (E.C. 3.5.1.14) was isolated from the kidneys of different mammalian species (horse, cattle, rabbit and pig) by extracting the organ with water and subjecting the extract to heat treatment at 70 degrees C for 10 min, then, after having removed denatured proteins by fractionating those remaining in the solution by ammonium sulfate. The enzyme obtained in this way can either be used directly for practical purposes (e.g. preparation of immobilized aminoacylase) or further purified by chromatography. For the further purification of porcine kidney aminoacylase we applied a combination ...
[Pharmacokinetic model studies of sulfamerazine in domestic mammals. 5. Resorption of Mebacid tablets in large animals]. The formula proposed by RITSCHEL (1973) for calculation of rates of resorption is explained and modified for use of the monocompartment model. Resorption rates were calculated for cattle, calf, horse, and sheep, with reference being made to the example of Mebacid tablets. The most favourable rate of resorption was established for calf.
Protease inhibitor system in horses: classification and detection of a new allele. A method of horizontal thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at acid pH has been developed for the separation of the prealbumins in equine plasma. Using this method, it has been possible to split the S allele into two, S1 and S2, bringing the total number of prealbumin alleles in Thoroughbred horses to eight. The gene frequencies of these eight alleles in Australian Thoroughbreds are presented. All eight prealbumin types exhibit antiprotease activity and therefore, it is suggested that the name prealbumin (Pr) should be abandoned in favour of protease inhibitor (Pi) although at this st...
An examination of chromosomes in the stallion (Equus caballus) during meiosis. Meiotic preparations were made from testicular material obtained after surgical castration of eight stallions (Equus caballus) with normal spermatogenesis. The material was examined after conventional Giemsa staining and C-banding. C-banding demonstrated that the Y chromosome at diakinesis associated with the short arm of the X chromosome. In 315 cells at diplotene or diakinesis, 56 (17.7%) had univalents and 51 (16.1%) of these involved the sex chromosomes. The overall mean chiasma number was 54.4 +/- 1.8 SD, and the mean calculated nondisjunction (ND) frequency was 3.4%. These results are di...
A new haemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus which lyses horse erythrocytes. A new haemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus produced opaque zones of haemolysis on horse blood agar but did not lyse equine erythrocytes suspended in phosphate-buffered saline. The haemolysin was not neutralized by normal rabbit serum and was distinct from alpha-, beta- and delta-haemolysins as well as human leucocidin. Partially purified preparations produced erythema when injected intradermally into rabbit skin.
Serum alkaline phosphatase in pregnant mares. Serum alkaline phosphatase was measured in ten mares during various stages of gestation. No significant change in serum alkaline phosphatase activity was detected during pregnancy. These data suggest that interpretation of serum alkaline phosphatase in horses can be made independently of their pregnancy status.
Equine marker genes. Polymorphism for transferrin alleles, TfF1 and TfF2, in Thoroughbreds. The equine transferrin F variant is distinguishable into two types, F1 and F2, on alkaline polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gene frequencies in 63 related Thoroughbreds are 0.39 and 0.19 for TfF1 and TfF2, respectively. In contrast the frequencies for these two alleles in 375 related Standardbreds is 0.00 and 0.59.
Direct measurement of biliary bilirubin excretion in ponies during fasting. Biliary excretion of bilirubin, including the conjugate composition, was studied during feeding and during a 2.5-day fast of three pony mares with chronic external biliary (T-tube) fistulas. Fasting bilirubin excretion (1.96 +/- 0.74 microgram/min/kg of body weight), after establishing a new steady state, was not different from excretion during feeding (1.99 +/- 0.45 microgram/min/kg). Hyperbilirubinemia of fasting resulted from a reduced removal of plasma bilirubin rather than from an increased input of bilirubin into the plasma. Relative plasma excretion of the individual conjugate fractions...
Electroacupuncture elevates blood cortisol levels in naive horses; sham treatment has no effect. It was hypothesized that electroacupuncture releases beta-endorphin and ACTH from the pituitary. Since ACTH induces the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands, blood cortisol level should be enhanced by electroacupuncture. The present result shows that the blood cortisol levels of horses are significantly increased after 30 min of electroacupuncture treatment while the sham treatment (control) shows an insignificant effect.
The origin of nuclear bodies: a study of the undifferentiated epithelial cells of the equine small intestine. During an electron and light microscopic study of the equine intestinal epithelium, it was observed that some secretory granules of the undifferentiated crypt epithelium were incorporated into the nucleus during mitosis. A study was made of the chemical nature of the granules, using standard histochemical techniques: PAS-Alcian blue, Deamination-PAS, and Ninhydrin-Schiff reactions. The granules contained a neutral protein-polysaccharide complex with many terminal amino groups, possibly an antibody (IgA). The intranuclear granules underwent coalescence and degeneration during differentiation. T...
Quantitative comparisons of acidic prealbumin (PR) phenotypes in horses. Comparisons of Pr protein amounts in horse sera have been performed using .’s (1965) immunodiffusion technique. Relative values against a chosen standard of 100 % were determined for a total of 435 horses. There was considerable variation between horses, the highest Pr value being 125 and the lowest 50 % of the standard. In animals of the same Pr phenotype the mean Pr values were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in foals than in mares. In Norwegian Trotter horses the Pr value of Pr NN animals was significantly higher than that of Pr SS phenotypes, whereas the mean Pr values of Pr SS was sig...
