Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Case Reports
Case reports in equine medicine provide detailed accounts of individual horses' clinical presentations, diagnostic processes, treatments, and outcomes. These reports are valuable for documenting rare conditions, novel treatment approaches, or unique clinical insights that may not be captured in larger studies. By focusing on individual cases, these reports contribute to the broader understanding of equine health and disease management. They often include comprehensive information on the horse's history, clinical findings, diagnostic tests, therapeutic interventions, and follow-up evaluations. This page assembles peer-reviewed case reports and scholarly articles that explore diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into specific medical scenarios and their implications for veterinary practice.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in a quarter horse foal. Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is recognized as a spontaneous disease of human infants, piglets, and possibly mules, but it has not been previously reported in horses. A 1-day-old Quarter Horse foal presented to Michigan State University Large Animal Clinic with severe thrombocytopenia of unknown origin. Immunoglobulins that bound to the foal's platelets were identified in the mare's plasma, serum, and milk by indirect assays. The immunoglobulins were further shown to recognize platelets from the foal's full brother, born 1 year earlier. These findings, coupled with the clinical course o...
A modified teniotomy technique for facilitated removal of descending colon enteroliths in horses. To describe a method for facilitating movement of enteroliths obstructing the proximal portion of the descending colon. Methods: Prospective report. Methods: 15 horses. Methods: A seromuscular incision through the antimesenteric taenia of the proximal portion of the descending colon was used to facilitate movement of enteroliths. Results: Teniotomy allowed proximal descending colon enteroliths located within the abdomen or close to the abdominal wall to be advanced 4 to 15 cm in an aboral direction so that they could be exteriorized for safe removal. Conclusions: Teniotomy is a feasible method...
Erythroid hypoplasia and anemia following administration of recombinant human erythropoietin to two horses. A Standardbred gelding and a colt were examined because of poor performance and anemia. Each horse had been given recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO; 4,000 IU) at least twice within the preceding 2 to 4 months. The horses had an Het of 16 and 24%, serum iron concentrations of 210 and 304 micrograms/dl (reference range, 73 to 140 micrograms/dl), total iron binding capacities of 239 and 321 micrograms/dl (reference range, 266 to 364 micrograms/dl), values for the percentage saturation of transferrin by iron of 87.9 and 94% (reference range, 20 to 52%), and serum ferritin concentrations of 2...
Equine pulmonary mycosis due to Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. Invasive pulmonary mycosis caused by Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer is reported in a 2-year-old horse, one of three that died after being housed in a disused, uncleaned stable. Lesions were characterized by thrombosis of the blood vessels with haemorrhage and tissue necrosis. Fungal hyphae were observed both in thrombosed vessels and in adjacent necrotic tissue. In culture media inoculated with lung samples and samples from the bedding hay, two types of colony were recorded and identified as A. niger and R. stolonifer. This study is the first description of equine pulmonary mucormyc...
Treatment of superficial ulcerative squamous cell carcinoma in three horses with topical 5-fluorouracil. Three horses with superficial ulcerative squamous cell carcinoma were successfully treated with topical 5-fluorouracil. Two of them remain in remission after a single course of treatment and the third case is controlled by the application of the cream for seven days every six weeks. No systemic side-effects were observed but there was a localised inflammatory reaction in the skin in each case.
Survival analysis of risk factors associated with the occurrence of lameness in a Michigan horse population. To evaluate the associations of operation and individual animal-level risk factors with occurrence of lameness in the Michigan horse population. Methods: 3,925 horses monitored from 138 randomly selected Michigan operations for a total of 814,753 horse-days. Methods: All horses monitored < 60 days were eliminated from the source population. From the remaining horses, a prospective unmatched case-control study population was generated that included all cases and a random sample of noncases. Analysis of risk factors associated with occurrence of lameness was conducted, using Cox's propor...
Injury to abdominal wall vessels during laparoscopy in three horses. Epigastric vessels were inadvertently injured during placement of instrument portals in 3 horses undergoing laparoscopy for bilateral cryptorchidectomy, bilateral ovariectomy, and removal of electrode wires surgically implanted in the large colon. The resulting hemorrhage increased surgery time, caused hematoma formation or hemoperitoneum, and obscured the surgical field. Hemostasis was achieved by direct pressure or vessel ligation. This complication can be attributed to the high degree of vascularity of the ventral aspect of the abdominal wall.
Primary hyperparathyroidism with osteodystrophia fibrosa of the facial bones in a pony. A 17-year-old pony mare was admitted for evaluation of progressive enlargement of the facial bones during the preceding 9 months. Laboratory testing revealed that the pony had hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, high urinary fractional excretion of phosphorus, and high serum concentration of intact parathyroid hormone (185.1 pmol/L; reference range, 0.25 to 2.0 pmol/L). On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was made by ruling out nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, chronic renal disease, and pseudohyperparathyroidism resulting from neoplasia. Although p...
Association between plasma vitamin E concentration and the risk of equine motor neuron disease. Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the somatic lower motor neurons that results in a syndrome of diffuse neuromuscular disease in the adult horse. The aetiology of this disorder is unknown, although prior studies have suggested that a deficiency in the lipid antioxidant vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) contributes to the development of EMND. This paper describes a case-control study designed to investigate the association between plasma vitamin E levels and the risk of EMND for horses. Signalment, plasma vitamin E levels at the time of referral, and information r...
Recurrent colic in the mature horse: a retrospective review of 58 cases. The clinical features of 58 horses presenting with recurrent colic examined over a 5 year period were reviewed. The horses were categorised into 3 groups on the basis of the history of colic episodes. Recurrent transient colic Group 1 was characterised by 3 or more episodes of transient colic (of apparently similar type) occurring within one month. Recurrent transient colic Group 2 was characterised by 3 or more episodes of transient colic occurring within one year. Recurrent prolonged colic was characterised by 3 or more episodes of prolonged colic occurring within one year. Fifteen horses we...
Surgical treatment of subchondral cystic lesions of the third metacarpal bone: results in 15 horses (1986-1994). Subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) in the condyle of the third metacarpal bone (MCIII) were surgically treated in 15 horses. The median age at presentation was 18 months (range 10 months-12 years) with 10 of 15 horses less than age 2 years. The SCLs were confined to the front limbs in all cases with 2 horses having bilateral lesions. Lesions were isolated to the medial condyle(s) of MCIII in 13 of 15 horses; a cystic lesion occurred in the lateral condyle in one horse and in the sagittal ridge in one horse. One horse with bilateral lesions had an additional cystic lesion located in the right me...
Abscess on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus as a cause of lameness in a horse. An 18-month-old 450-kg [990-lb] sexually intact male Holsteiner was evaluated for lameness of the left forelimb of 3-months' duration. We were unable to localize the site of lameness, using intra-articular and perineural anesthesia, and radiography of the shoulder and cubital joint (elbow) did not reveal radiographic abnormalities. Nuclear scintigraphy was performed. An increase in radio-isotope uptake was evident at the lateral epicondyle of the left humerus. Radiographs of the region 3 weeks later revealed a 1.5-cm focal lucency surrounded by a 1.0-cm rim of necrotic bone. The lesion was con...
Standing laparoscopically-aided ovariectomy in mares. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in 11 mares and unilateral ovariectomy in 2 mares. The horses were standing and sedated for surgery. After appropriate preparation a laparoscope was inserted into the abdomen through the paralumbar fossa and the ovary was identified and anaesthetised with local anaesthetic via a custom-built needle. The ovary was then withdrawn from the abdomen through a separate flank incision and removed. The abdomen was not distended with gas before surgery. This method proved to be minimally invasive, rapid and effective.
Computed tomographic evaluation of comminuted middle phalangeal fractures in the horse. Comminuted fractures of the middle phalanx have been well described in the horse. Choice of treatment, surgical planning and prognosis have traditionally been based upon evaluation of radiographs. However, the complex nature of comminuted fractures makes radiographic interpretation difficult. Computed tomography (CT) allows the production of cross-sectional images with spatial separation of structures which are superimposed on survey radiographs. This allows accurate assessment of the number and direction of fracture lines within the bone. In this paper we report the use of CT in the evaluatio...
Transient glucose malabsorption in two horses–fact or artefact? Two horses, presented for investigation of chronic weight loss despite normal to increased feed intake, had flat oral glucose absorption curves, suggesting malabsorption. The cause of the apparent malabsorption was not evident grossly or on light microscopic examination of the intestinal tract. Both horses survived long term and at follow-up examination had regained weight and their capacity to absorb glucose. These cases illustrate that flat glucose absorption curves may occur in horses with no obvious intestinal lesions, that they may revert to normal and that the results of these tests shou...
Laparoscopic adhesiolysis in a horse. The purpose of this report was to describe the use of laparoscopy as a method of treatment for abdominal adhesions in the horse. Methods: Unilateral ovariectomy for removal of a granulosa cell tumor was performed through a diagonal paramedian approach in a 14-year-old Arabian mare. Progressive incisional swelling and hemorrhage culminated in acute incisional dehiscence with herniation of ileum on the sixth postoperative day. Septic peritonitis that responded to parenteral antibiotic therapy was identified 7 days after hernia repair. Seven days later, the mare had signs of abdominal pain, and a...
Paralumbar fossa laparoscopic ovariectomy in horses with use of Endoloop ligatures. The purposes of this study were to develop a technique of paralumbar fossa laparoscopic ovariectomy using Endoloop ligatures and to avoid a laparotomy incision for ovary removal by using a 33-mm diameter muscle spreader trocar-cannula unit. Methods: Seven mares. Methods: Bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed under general anesthesia in two horses and under neuroleptanalgesia and local anesthesia in five standing mares. Ovaries were approached from the ipsilateral paralumbar fossa through two portal sites located in the paralumbar fossa and a third between the 17th and 18th ribs. Ins...
Evaluation of a test for identification of Arabian horses heterozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency trait. To determine whether a recently developed test would correctly identify horses heterozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) trait. Methods: Case series. Methods: 17 healthy Arabian horses that had previously produced foals with SCID, 1 healthy Arabian foal whose dam and sire had produced foals with SCID, 4 foals with SCID, and 1 healthy non-Arabian foal. Methods: DNA was extracted from leukocytes or fibroblasts, amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction, and hybridized with probes specific for the normal and mutant alleles of the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein...
Complications associated with use of a one-hole subpalpebral lavage system in horses: 150 cases (1977-1996). To determine type and frequency of complications associated with use of a one-hole subpalpebral lavage (SPL) system in horses. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: 150 horses with 156 SPL systems. Methods: Signalment, primary complaint, method used for placement, time SPL system was in place, and complications were retrieved from medical records. Results: Complications were not associated with placement, maintenance, or removal of 66 of 156 (42%) SPL systems. A minor complication was reported in association with 53 (34%) SPL systems, and a serious complication was reported in association wit...
Use of full cortical allograft to repair a metatarsal fracture in a foal. A 4-month-old Quarter Horse colt was admitted for repair of an open, comminuted fracture of the proximal portions of the diaphyses of the left second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones. Initial repair included internal fixation and cancellous bone graft. However, the third metatarsal bone became infected and failed to heal. After removal of infected portions of the bone, a 5-cm, fullthickness cortical allograft was placed in the defect. Rigid internal fixation provided stability for the allograft and remaining fracture fragments so that the horse was able to bear weight on the second and four...
Ovarian torsion associated with granulosa-theca cell tumor in a mare. A 12-year-old Morgan mare was examined because of stallion-like behavior of 45 days' duration. Palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonographic examination revealed a large left ovary with multiple cystic areas and crepitus. A granulosa-theca cell tumor was suspected. During hospitalization for further evaluation of the affected ovary, the mare developed signs of abdominal pain. Exploratory surgery revealed a large left ovary, which was black with a necrotic and friable surface, and a 720 degrees clock-wise torsion of the ovarian pedicle. Torsion was corrected, and oophorectomy was perfor...
Effect of different sampling techniques on odds ratio estimates using hospital-based cases and controls. Potential biases introduced by the use of hospital admission records have rarely been discussed in the veterinary literature. Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) patient records kept at the University of California, Davis (UCD) School of Veterinary Medicine provide a unique opportunity to perform in-depth analyses on the effect of different control selection (sampling) techniques on odds ratio (OR) estimates for disease risk factors in a retrospective case-control study. Horses with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis abscesses (134) and the (secondary) study base population (source for...
Risk factors associated with musculoskeletal injuries in Australian thoroughbred racehorses. Risk factors for musculoskeletal injury in racing Thoroughbreds were investigated in a case-control study conducted at racetracks administered by the Australian Jockey Club. Univariable analysis of 137 cases from the official Veterinary Surgeon's reports and an equal number of randomly selected controls from the Australian Race Results identified field size, barrier position and class of race as being significantly associated with breakdown (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression was then used to investigate the effect of each putative risk factor whilst controlling for all others. Horses at ...
Hypereosinophilia in a horse with intestinal lymphosarcoma. Paraneoplastic eosinophilia is reported in dogs, cats, and humans. Hypereosinophilia (an eosinophil count greater than 1.5 x 10(9) L) is often associated with metastasis and a poor prognosis. This report describes a case of paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia in a pony. Neoplasia should be included in the differential diagnoses in a horse with eosinophilia.
