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Topic:Case Reports
Case reports in equine medicine provide detailed accounts of individual horses' clinical presentations, diagnostic processes, treatments, and outcomes. These reports are valuable for documenting rare conditions, novel treatment approaches, or unique clinical insights that may not be captured in larger studies. By focusing on individual cases, these reports contribute to the broader understanding of equine health and disease management. They often include comprehensive information on the horse's history, clinical findings, diagnostic tests, therapeutic interventions, and follow-up evaluations. This page assembles peer-reviewed case reports and scholarly articles that explore diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into specific medical scenarios and their implications for veterinary practice.
Near circumferential retroperitoneal rectal tear in a pony. A 13-year-old, 370-kg, Appaloosa gelding with mild colic of 4 days' duration was found to have a near circumferential retroperitoneal rectal tear. Accumulation of feces at the site of the repair had created a large perirectal cavity. Removal of feces and cleansing of the perirectal cavity were performed daily. Sutures were placed to stabilize, but not reappose, the torn ends of the rectum. The perirectal cavity filled with granulation tissue, and the rectal tear healed.
Ultrasound science for the veterinarian. In order to successfully sort out the information, both real and bogus, in an ultrasonic image, one must have a fundamental understanding of the physical and electronic events that produced the image. We have looked at the basic science, signal processing, some case examples of ultrasound science in practice, and some popular illusions. It is a good starting place for the newcomer to ultrasonic imaging.
Diabetes mellitus associated with bilateral granulosa cell tumors in a mare. Both ovaries in a 10-year-old American Saddle Horse mare were determined to be larger than normal. The mare had problems with infertility during the preceding 3 years. Clinical evaluation revealed that the mare was polyuric, polydypsic, hyperinsulinemic, and hyperglycemic, and had reduced tolerance to exogenous glucose. Bilateral granulosa cell tumors were identified on histologic examination of the ovaries. The precise mechanism for the secondary diabetes mellitus was not determined; however, the cause was suspected to be a result of the synthesis and release of a hormonal substance by the tu...
Dietary sodium bicarbonate as a treatment for exertional rhabdomyolysis in a horse. A 3-year-old mare repeatedly had clinical signs of rhabdomyolysis on mild exertion. Serum creatine kinase and aspartate transaminase activities were high at rest. Responses to dietary sodium bicarbonate were tested through 7 alternating periods of supplementation of a basal ration of timothy hay and oats. Physical signs; venous blood pH and gases; blood glucose and lactate; serum electrolytes, enzymes, and creatinine; and urine pH were monitored before and after exercise. Dietary sodium bicarbonate raised resting venous blood pH and bicarbonate slightly and significantly increased urine pH fro...
Large colon resection and anastomosis in horses. Large colon resection and anastomosis was performed in 11 horses at various levels of the colon, using several surgical methods. The level of resection ranged from the pelvic flexure to the cecocolic ligament. Nine of 11 horses survived and at follow-up (4 months to 7 years) were free of clinical signs referable to disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Seven horses could be evaluated as to athletic or reproductive function and all returned to original potential.
Vertebral body osteomyelitis in the horse. Over a 4-year period, vertebral body abscess was diagnosed in 5 young cattle. The laboratory findings in most of these cases did not suggest a diagnosis of vertebral body abscess. The most important basis for diagnosis of this condition was a thorough neurologic examination. In 4 cases, necropsy revealed abscesses in the lungs or thoracic cavity as well, suggesting that a history of pneumonia preceding paresis may favor the diagnosis of vertebral body abscess.
Intramuscular hemangiosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis in a horse. Intramuscular hemangiosarcoma resulting in severe anemia and thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in a 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly. Necropsy revealed multiple tumors within skeletal muscles and multiple pulmonary metastases.
Hindlimb hyperesthesia associated with rabies in two horses. Rabies was diagnosed in 2 adult Quarter Horses with hindlimb hyperesthesia and progressive weakness. Microscopic examination of the cord and brain of the first horse revealed nonsuppurative meningomyelitis and ganglioneuritis in the cord extending cranially to the 6th cervical segment. Fluorescent antibody test results of both horses were positive for rabies in hindlimb peripheral nerve specimens, but negative in sections of the upper lip. Salivary gland, cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, musculocutaneous nerve, cornea, and optic nerve specimens were tested for rabies by fluorescent antibody ...
Multiple myeloma in a horse. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in a 22-year-old Arabian mare with a history of chronic weight loss. Quantitative immunoglobulin analysis revealed monoclonal gammopathy (IgG(T), 9,800 mg/dl). Due to progressive weight loss, the horse was euthanatized. Microscopy of tissues revealed plasma cell infiltrates in bone marrow, spleen, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex, muscle of the tongue, and bronchial, renal, and mesenteric lymph nodes.
Slab fractures of the fourth and intermediate carpal bones in five horses. Fractures of the fourth carpal bone were diagnosed in 5 horses; 3 fractures were associated with fracture of the intermediate carpal bone. The diagnosis was delayed in all 5 horses, apparently because of the moderate nature of the clinical signs. Open surgical reduction with lag screw type fixation was used in all horses. Because of delayed treatment, transfixation of carpal bones (necessary for stability), and surgical trauma, degenerative joint disease with osteophyte formation occurred in all 5 horses. None of the 5 horses was able to begin or return successfully to work, although 4 of the ...
Bone scintigraphy as an aid in the diagnosis of occult distal tarsal bone trauma in three horses. History, physical examination, and bone scintigraphy were used to diagnose central and/or third tarsal bone trauma in 3 acutely lame horses. In all 3 cases, the results of initial radiographic examination were negative. Bone scintigraphy revealed focal, intense radioisotope uptake at the level of the distal tarsal bones in the 3 horses. Radiographs obtained 4 weeks after injury in one horse demonstrated a slab fracture of the central tarsal bone. Conservative management of the tarsal bone disease resulted in acceptable return to function in all 3 horses.
A case of guttural pouch mycosis in a horse. A case of guttural pouch mycosis in an 11-year-old horse is described. The fungus isolated was identified as Emericella nidulans. Housing under bad hygienic conditions without ventilation for three years might have been a predisposing factor.
Temporary bilateral carotid artery occlusion as an aid to nasal surgery in the horse. One of the major obstacles to successful intranasal surgery in the horse is haemorrhage, even minor interferences causing profuse bleeding. Conventional techniques for haemostasis are ineffective or inhibit the progress of the surgery. Temporary bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery resulted in a substantial reduction in haemorrhage during intranasal surgery in five horses, with much improved visibility and facility of operation. The large contribution to the circle of Willis by the ventral spinal artery is believed to prevent cerebral ischaemia during this procedure. This paper des...
Type II diabetes mellitus in a horse. DIABETES mellitus is an uncommon disease in the horse and,
when reported, is frequently secondary to Cushing’s disease
(King, Kavanaugh and Bentinck-Smith 1%2; Loeb, Capen
and Johnson 1966; Tasker, Whiteman and Martin 1966;
Baker and Ritchie 1974; Pauli, Rossi and Straub 1974; Moore,
Steiss, Nicholson and Orth 1979). Diabetes mellitus, associated with chronic pancreatitis, was reported in a horse with
hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and ketonuria (Jeffrey 1969).
Other reported cases were not examined fully to determine the
underlying cause of hyperglycaemia (Jorgenson 1921 ; Wilkinson 195...
Desmitis of the fetlock annular ligament in the horse. Desmitis of the fetlock annular ligament was diagnosed in 30 horses during a period of eight years. Most of the horses had been lame for a prolonged period and had chronically distended digital flexor tendon sheaths. Air tendograms demonstrated thickened palmar or plantar annular ligaments. In 25 horses the ligament was cut longitudinally; of these, 16 horses returned to full work without any difficulty and one became sound after a second operation. Follow up time varied from three months to seven-and-a-half years. None of the five untreated horses returned to work.
Congenital malformation of the large colon causing colic in a horse. An abnormal mesocolic attachment which resulted in a stellate malformation of the left colon adjacent to the pelvic flexure was suspected to be the cause of intermittent episodes of colic in a horse. Resection and side-to-side anastomosis of the large colon at the level of the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures was performed and the horse made an uneventful recovery from surgery. Only minor serum biochemical changes were observed in the initial postoperative period. The abnormal mesocolic attachment was probably a congenital anomaly.
Hernia repair in a horse. The repair of a large defect in the abdominal wall of an American Saddlehorse by implantation of a polypropylene monofilament mesh.
Four cases of traumatic optic nerve blindness in the horse. Traumatic optic nerve atrophy is characterised clinically by a unilateral or bilateral sudden onset of blindness. Dilated, fixed pupils and a lack of a menace reflex are the only abnormalities noted soon after the trauma. Within three to four weeks the optic disc becomes paler and the retinal vasculature is markedly decreased. The pathological lesion is a rupture of the nerve axons from stretching forces produced by the posterior movement of the brain against the fixed canalicular portion of the optic nerves. Medical therapy has not been successful.
Pulmonary lobar hypertrophy in a foal. Pulmonary lobar hypertrophy was diagnosed in a 4-hour-old Quarter Horse full-term foal that had respiratory arrest shortly after birth. The gross and microscopic appearances were consistent with polyalveolar lobe, a congenital anomaly of human infants.
