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Topic:Clinical Findings
Clinical findings in horses encompass a range of observable signs and symptoms identified during veterinary examinations that contribute to diagnosing and managing equine health conditions. These findings can include physical observations, such as changes in behavior, posture, or gait, as well as physiological measurements like heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature. Diagnostics may also involve laboratory tests, imaging, and other diagnostic procedures to assess organ function and detect abnormalities. Recognizing and interpreting clinical findings are essential components of veterinary practice, aiding in the identification of diseases, monitoring treatment progress, and guiding therapeutic interventions. This page brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methodologies, interpretations, and implications of clinical findings in the context of equine health care.
Osteopetrosis in two foals. This account describes two neonatal foals affected with osteopetrosis. One of these foals, a full term Peruvian Paso, was born alive, was bright and alert but was unable to stand and was euthanized at two days of age. The second foal, an Appaloosa, was also born alive at full term and was blind, weak, uncoordinated and unable to stand. Postmortem examination of both foals revealed generalized osteopetrosis and brachygnathia inferior. The osteopetrosis was characterized by failure of bone remodelling resulting in spicules of mineralized and nonmineralized cartilage covered by osteoid occupying ...
XO syndrome in the mare. Only one X chromosome was found in each of the lymphocyte metaphases studied in an infertile mare. Karyotype analysis was made with the CBG and GTG banding techniques. The most obvious clinical abnormality was gonadal hypoplasia.
[Endoscopic findings in horses with diseases of the upper respiratory tract]. With the aid of a flexible glassfibre endoscope, a 300 W cold light source and a special adapted camera, colour photographs of the upper respiratory tract of horses were taken. These pictures served to present especially the disease processes of the different areas of the upper respiratory tract which lead to a constriction of the lumen. These included proliferation in the nose, guttural pouch diseases and larynx diseases such as hemiplegia, subepiglottic cysts, epiglottic entrapment and rostral displacement of the plica palatopharyngica. Furthermore endoscopic findings of changes in the soft ...
[Electrocardiography in the horse. (3)]. The use of the ECG to separate the different phases of the heart cycle registering other physiological signals, to evaluate the fitness and state of training of a horse and to detect a pregnancy of a mare is reported and illustrated in this text.
Antistreptolysin O titer in horses. Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers were determined in the sera of 532 horses from stud farms and 436 working horses from small farms. A statistically significant correlation was seen between the ASO titer and the age of the horses. There was a significant difference between mean ASO titer in horses 0-2 years and horses 2-10 years In horses older than 10 years the titer was significantly higher than mean ASO titer for the group. Twenty four of 30 horses in which ASO titer was higher or equal to 80 I.U. had histories which suggested that streptococcal infection had occurred. Clinical and bacteriolo...
Blind-end atresia coli in two foals. Blind-end atresia coli was observed in two genetically unrelated foals at about the same time and location. The two foals, one an Appaloosa and the other a Quarterhorse, were born 4 days apart on nearby but separate farms. The Appaloosa foal died after surgical anastomosis of the affected segments of the colon. The Quarterhorse foal was euthanized after the defect was found at laparotomy. Both foals were necropsied and representative tissues were examined histopathologically. Histopathologic results were unremarkable. No cause of the defects could be determined and the timing and geographical ...
[Structure and topography of the nucleus proprius cornus dorsalis of the spinal cord of horses]. The studies performed on spinal cords of two horses revealed that cells of the nucleus of the own dorsal horn are present in all segments of lumbo-sacral part of the spinal cord. The nucleus is composed of two parts: basal and marginal. Basal part is composed of large and medium size cells situated in 2/3 of the lower part of the grey substance of the dorsal horn. The marginal part of the described nucleus is composed of elongated and spindle shaped cells situated along the dorsal margine of the grey substance of the dorsal horn. Continuity of the nucleus in lumbo-sacral part of the spinal cor...
Endothelial cell infection and thrombosis in paralysis caused by equid herpesvirus-1: equine stroke. Eight mares were infected with equid herpesvirus-1 subtype 1 isolated from a case of equine paresis. In two mares killed at 4 d.p.i. immunofluorescence showed endothelial cell infection together with thrombosis in the rete arteriosus of the nasal mucosa and also in the spinal cord of one of these mares. Circulating platelet counts in the other six mares fell as early as 2 d.p.i. and remained depressed for seven days. Circulating immune complexes started to appear at 2 d.p.i., reached maximum levels at 10 d.p.i., but were undetectable at 28 d.p.i. Three of the six remaining mares developed vary...
Thoracic limb digital extensor denervation in young horses. Low radial neurectomy in the left thoracic limb was performed in 4 mixed-breed weanling horses, with subsequent paralysis of the lateral and common digital extensor muscles. Weight bearing of the denervated and control limbs was discouraged by the use of special shoeing. Clinical signs of flexural deformity were not induced in the horses.
[Clinical aspects of ovary tumors in mares]. The present study comprises 31 mares, that showed a permanent unilateral enlargement of the ovary. In 29 patients the ovary in question was removed by a flanc laparotomy in the standing animal. In the histopathologic examination a granulosa cell tumor was diagnosed in 23 cases, a fibroma twice and a teratoma, hematoma, leiomyoma and a cystic ovary each once. Due to the endocrine activity of the granulosa cell tumor, the clinical picture was characterized by changed behaviour and atrophy of the contralateral ovary. Clinically the ovarial blastomas (teratoma, leiomyoma, fibroma) could not be dif...
Phalangeal and navicular bone hypoplasia and hoof malformation in the hind limbs of a foal. Anatomical anomalies in the hind feet of a seven month old Appaloosa foal were identified and investigated through the use of gross anatomical dissection, radiography and angiography. Abnormalities were restricted to the distal aspect of both hind legs, the right hind leg being more severely affected. Anatomically the right foot resembled that of an equine fetus of approximately 120 days gestational age. Disruption of vascular perfusion to hoof structures was evident in both hind legs and was related to areas of abnormal bone conformation as well as to areas of abnormal ossification and calcif...
Uterine rupture as a postpartum complication in two mares. Uterine rupture was diagnosed in 2 postpartum mares with hemorrhagic vaginal discharge. Both mares had abdominal pain, as evidenced by pawing, kicking at the abdomen, or attempting to roll. Peritoneal fluid analysis was useful in establishing a diagnosis. One mare had many RBC in the peritoneal fluid and was anemic; this mare was managed medically with oxytocin, antibiotics, and blood transfusion. The mare was able to raise her foal to weaning age. The second mare had many RBC, degenerate neutrophils, and intracellular and extracellular bacteria in peritoneal fluid. Surgical repair of the uter...
Sudden death in training and racing Thoroughbred horses. We reviewed case records, necropsy reports, and histologic sections from 25 Thoroughbred racehorses that died suddenly at 3 Chicago racetracks. These were young horses ranging in age from 2 to 5 years. There were more females (n = 16) than males (n = 9), and the incidence of death increased slightly in the spring and summer. Twenty-one of the 25 horses died while racing or training. Only 8 of the 25 horses (32%) had lesions sufficient to account for the death. In 6 of those 8 cases, death was caused by massive thoracic or abdominal hemorrhage. The site or nature of the vascular defect in these...
Long-term results of desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (distal check ligament) in horses. After desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (distal check ligament) had been performed in 40 horses with flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint (contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon), the horses' records were evaluated retrospectively. Information concerning soundness, return to intended purpose, and cosmetic appearance of the limb and hoof was obtained. The condition had been diagnosed and treated in 26 horses before they were one year old (group A, acute) and in 14 horses greater than one year of age (group B, chronic). Nine months to ...
[Frontal sinusitis in a horse with a neurological complication]. The case of a horse affected with frontal sinusitis, in which neurological complications occurred following trepanation, is reported. The previous history of the animal as well as the clinical, radiological and pathological findings are discussed.
Opsonization of bacteria by uterine secretions of cyclic mares. Uterine flushings collected from mares before and after bacterial-induced inflammation were assayed for ability to opsonize Streptococcus zooepidemicus for phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Opsonization was measured as the peak phagocytic rate of bacteria preincubated with uterine flushings relative to the peak phagocytic rate of unopsonized bacteria. Flushings from four mares with noninfected uteri were unable to opsonize bacteria regardless of whether uteri were flushed at estrus or on day 10 postovulation. In a second experiment, 7 X 10(9) live S. zooepidemicus were inoculated i...
Paralysis and lipofuscin-like pigmentation of farm stock caused by the plant, Trachyandra laxa var. laxa. A paralytic condition of farm stock in South West Africa, characterized by prominent neuronal and some mild extraneuronal pigmentation, is described. The distribution of the pigment, which was mainly located in the larger neurones of the brain and spinal cord, is given. Experimental evidence, obtained by feeding the plant, is presented that the condition is caused by Trachyandra laxa var. laxa. The histochemical features of the pigment proved to be compatible with a lipofuscin.
Preliminary studies on the measurement of conjunctival oxygen tension in the foal. The capability of a transconjunctival oxygen monitoring system to provide an accurate and reliable means of observing arterial oxygenation trends was evaluated in 12 horse and pony foals between 5 and 20 days of age. Ten of the foals were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and nitrous oxide, and 2 foals were conscious. Inspired oxygen concentration was manipulated by differing proportions of oxygen and nitrous oxide in the fresh gas supplied to the breathing circuit. With arterial oxygen tension values ranging from less than 20 to greater than 400 mm of Hg, all foals had significant positi...
Physical and clinical pathological findings associated with experimentally induced rupture of the equine urinary bladder. Two mature horses were examined for changes in laboratory and physical findings after experimentally induced bladder rupture. The postrupture laboratory diagnostic changes, which provide valuable information for a correct diagnosis are described. Hematology, serum and peritoneal fluid sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, creatinine, urea nitrogen, albumin and peritoneal fluid components were measured and evaluated versus time. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia occurred, as well as increased concentrations of peritoneal fluid potassium and inorganic phosphorus. In addition, peritoneal fluid cre...
Scapular notch resection for suprascapular nerve decompression in 12 horses. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle paralysis with atrophy was treated by partial osteotomy of the scapula, deep to the suprascapular nerve. The horses had various gait abnormalities, which were corrected by the surgery, but regeneration of the muscles varied from partial to complete, depending on the duration of the condition and the degree of atrophy before surgery.
Work intolerance in a horse with thyroid carcinoma. A thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in a 14-year-old competitive trail horse with a 3-month history of work intolerance. Abnormal findings included low base-line triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) values, a large thyroid gland and decreased work tolerance. Nuclear medicine scanning revealed displacement of the right thyroid gland by a mass. Needle biopsy of the mass revealed neoplastic changes compatible with thyroid carcinoma. After removing the tumor surgically, T3 and T4 values returned to normal. Subsequently, the horse was able to compete successfully. Horses with work intolerance com...
