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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Quality of stallion semen obtained by a new semen collection phantom (Equidame) versus a Missouri artificial vagina. A study was performed to test a new semen collection device (Equidame phantom) that fractionates the ejaculate by comparing the quality of semen obtained by the Equidame phantom with that obtained by a Missouri artificial vagina. Semen from 4 Finnhorse stallions was collected 4 times per stallion by both methods. Half of the ejaculate was frozen and the other half extended and loaded into 2 Equitainer transport containers (24- and 48-h samples). Motility parameters were determined by a Hamilton-Thorn motility analyzer after cooled storage for 24 and 48 h and again after freezing/thawing. Raw a...
Administration of oxytocin immediately after insemination does not improve pregnancy rates in mares bred by fertile or subfertile stallions. It is probable that reduced pregnancy rates in mares bred to subfertile stallions is attributable, in part, to the reduced number of normal spermatozoa that colonize the oviduct. Administration of oxytocin stimulates both uterine and oviductal contractility. The hypothesis that oxytocin may enhance sperm transport to/into the oviducts, and thereby increase pregnancy rates, was tested in 2 trials. For both trials, fertile estrous mares with follicles > or = 35 mm in diameter were inseminated once at 24 h after administration of 1500 to 2000 U hCG. The inseminate dose was limited to 100 milli...
Changes in intrauterine pressure after oxytocin administration in reproductively normal mares and in those with a delay in uterine clearance. Intrauterine pressure was measured in 4 reproductively normal mares and 4 mares with delay in uterine clearance after administration of oxytocin to determine if intrauterine pressure varied between dosage and group. Changes in intrauterine pressure were measured during estrus, when a follicle was > or =35 mm, using a Millar "Mikro-tip" catheter that had 3 discrete pressure sensors/channels. Mares received 4 different treatments of 10, 5, 2.5 or 0 IU (vehicle) of oxytocin. The protocol for each treatment consisted of a 10-min baseline recording, administration of treatment and measurement of...
Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint affected with septic arthritis in 8 horses. Arthrodesis was performed to treat septic arthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint of 8 horses. Records of the horses were reviewed to determine outcome and possible factors that influenced success or failure. All horses were female. Seven horses had 1 joint treated and 1 horse was treated for bilateral pelvic limb involvement. The duration of sepsis before surgery ranged from 1 to 66 days. Bone lysis and production was radiographically apparent in 7 horses before surgery. Six horses had multiple bacterial organisms cultured from bone or synovial tissues; 2 horses had single isolates id...
The effect of orally administered cisapride on intestinal motility in conscious horses. Seven Thoroughbred horses were laparotomized and Force Transducers were fixed on the proximal jejunal and cecal serosa. After observation of the digestive tract motility in consciousness, cisapride (0, 0.5, 0.75 or 1 mg/kg) was orally administered. In horses treated with 0.75 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg cisapride, the migrating contraction (MC) of the jejunum was significantly increased in frequency.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a horse liver butyrylcholinesterase: evidence for CPT-11 drug activation. Butyrylcholinesterases (BuChEs; acylcholine acylhydrolase; EC 3.1.1.8) have been demonstrated to convert the anticancer agent CPT-11 (irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin) into its active metabolite SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin). In addition, significant differences in the extent of drug metabolism have been observed with BuChEs derived from different species. In an attempt to understand these differences, we have isolated the cDNA encoding a horse BuChE. Based upon the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of a purified horse BuChE, we designed deg...
Detachable latex balloon occlusion of an internal carotid artery with an aberrant branch in a horse with guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) mycosis. An aberrant branch of the internal carotid artery was detected by angiography in a horse with guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) mycosis after the distal portion of the artery had been occluded by use of a detachable latex balloon. A second balloon was placed to eliminate retrograde hemorrhage from the aberrant branch. The horse recovered and returned to its previous activity. Vascular anomalies of the internal carotid artery my be more common than expected, and have resulted in fatal complications during and after surgical treatment in guttural pouch mycosis. Intraoperative identific...
Efficacy of moxidectin equine oral gel against endoscopically-confirmed Gasterophilus nasalis and Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Oestridae) infections in horses. A 3 m, video gastroscope was used to screen 47 horses suspected of being naturally infected with equine bot larvae. 17 of 47 (36.2%) candidate horses harbored Gasterophilus nasalis larvae in the proximal duodenum and 46 of 47 (97.9%) had G. intestinalis larvae in the stomach. All horses infected with G. nasalis had concurrent infections with G. intestinalis. 14 horses with dual infections were allocated randomly to two treatment groups. Seven horses in Group 1 received 2% moxidectin oral gel once at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight (BW), and seven horses in Group 2 were untreated controls. 14 ...
Comparison of results of scanning electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging before and after administration of a radiographic contrast agent in the tendon of the deep digital flexor muscle obtained from horse cadavers. To analyze the tendon of the deep digital flexor (TDDF) muscle of the forelimb in horses by use of a contrast radiographic agent (gadopentate dimeglumine [Gd-DTPA/Dimeg]) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine the concentration of water protons in the tendons by use of MRI. Methods: 8 TDDF harvested from the forelimbs of 6 horse cadavers. Methods: Examinations were performed on the same portion of each tendon. Tendons were examined by use of two techniques: MRI before and after treatment with Gd-DTPA/Dimeg as well as scanning electron microscopy. Results: Tendons did not have de...
Comparison of equine amnion and a nonadherent wound dressing material for bandaging pinch-grafted wounds in ponies. To evaluate healing of pinch-grafted wounds on the distal aspect of the limbs of ponies bandaged with equine amnion or a standard nonadherent wound dressing material. Methods: 6 ponies. Methods: A 2.5x2.5-cm full-thickness section of skin was removed from the dorsal aspect of each limb at the midpoint of the metacarpus or metatarsus. Six days later, wounds were grafted with partial-thickness pinch grafts. Half the wounds were bandaged with amnion, and the other half were bandaged with a nonadherent dressing. Bandages were changed every 3 days until wound healing was complete. At each bandage c...
Limb loading activity of adult horses confined to box stalls in an equine hospital barn. To determine a range of limb loading activity for healthy adult horses confined to box stalls in an equine veterinary teaching hospital and determine the effects of hospital environmental factors on load rates and daily limb loading patterns. Methods: 6 mature healthy horses of various ages, breeds, and sexes, and 1 horse with a repaired metatarsal fracture. Methods: Step monitors were placed on 2 limbs of adult horses confined to box stalls. Relocation steps and weight shifts were recorded, as loading events, for 24 hours. Influence of forelimb versus hind limb and environmental factors on lo...
Digital angiography of the feet of horses. To describe the vascular anatomy of the palmar digital artery and its major branches in the equine foot and to quantify the diameter of these vessels by use of digital angiograms. Sample Population-6 thoracic limbs obtained from 6 horses. Methods: Distal portions of each limb were perfused with aerated Krebs-Henseleit solution. Digital angiograms were acquired in standing and lateral recumbent positions, following an intra-arterial injection of iopamidol. Select vessels were measured on radiographic views, and values were corrected for magnification. Results: The palmar digital artery tapered ...
Doppler ultrasonography and single-fiber laser Doppler flowmetry for measurement of hind limb blood flow in anesthetized horses. To use Doppler ultrasonography and single-fiber laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) to evaluate blood flow in the dependent and nondependent hind limbs of anesthetized horses and to evaluate changes in femoral arterial blood flow and microvascular skeletal muscle perfusion in response to administration of phenylephrine hydrochloride or dobutamine hydrochloride. Methods: 6 healthy adult horses. Methods: Horses were anesthetized and positioned in left lateral recumbency. Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure velocity and volumetric flow in the femoral vessels. Single-fiber LDF was used to measur...
Allergen-specific IgE levels against crude mould and storage mite extracts and recombinant mould allergens in sera from horses affected with chronic bronchitis. Immunoglobulin E antibody (IgE) levels against four recombinant (r) mould allergens (r-Aspergillus fumigatus [rAsp f] 7, 8 and 9; r-Alternaria alternata 1 [rAlta1]) and crude mould (Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium notatum) and storage mite extracts were determined by ELISA in sera from 24 pulmonary sound control horses and 26 horses suffering from chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis (CB), also called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Serum IgG and IgA titres were also determined against Aspergillus fumigatus extract and rAsp f 8.IgE against the crude extracts ...
Comparison of nuclear scintigraphy and acetaminophen absorption as a means of studying gastric emptying in horses. To evaluate the correlation between halftime of liquid-phase gastric emptying (T50), determined with nuclear scintigraphy using technetium Tc 99m pentetate, and absorption variables of orally administered acetaminophen. Methods: 6 mature horses. Methods: Technetium Tc 99m pentetate (10 mCi) and acetaminophen (20 mg/kg of body weight) were administered simultaneously in 200 ml of water. Serial left and right lateral images of the stomach region were obtained with a gamma camera, and T50 determined separately for counts obtained from the left side, the right side and the geometric mean. Power ex...
Calcium regulation by skeletal muscle membranes of horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis. To determine whether an alteration in calcium regulation by skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, similar to known defects that cause malignant hyperthermia (MH), could be identified in membrane vesicles isolated from the muscles of Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER). Methods: Muscle biopsy specimens from 6 Thoroughbreds with RER and 6 healthy (control) horses. Methods: RER was diagnosed on the basis of a history of > 3 episodes of exertional rhabdomyolysis confirmed by increases in serum creatine kinase (CK) activity. Skeletal muscle membrane vesicles, prepared by ...
Efficacy of omeprazole paste in the treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in horses. Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is very common among performance horses, with a reported prevalence of approximately 90% in racehorses, and also > 50% in foals. Omeprazole, an acid pump inhibitor 5 times more potent than ranitidine, has been used with great success to treat EGUS. This multicentre study of Thoroughbred racehorses with endoscopically verified gastric ulcers was designed to demonstrate the efficacy of an equine oral paste formulation of omeprazole in the treatment and prevention of recurrence of EGUS. Of the 100 horses entered into the study, 25 were sham-dosed for the full ...
[Clinical symptoms of and diagnostic possibilities for hypophyseal adenoma in horses]. Hirsutism was the most often observed symptom in horses with a pituitary gland tumor and was present in all 13 examined horses. Other symptoms were atrophy of muscles (n = 10), hyperhidrosis (n = 8), polyuria/polydipsia (n = 5), bulging or supraorbital fat (n = 3), polyphagia (n = 2), apathy (n = 2) and seizures (n = 2). Laminitis was the most frequently observed concurrent disease (n = 8). Hyperglycaemia (mean, 9.9 +/- 3.71 mmol/l) in 13 horses and glucosuria (median, 55 [range, 2-55] mmol/l) in 7 horses were the most important laboratory results. The dexamethasone suppression test was positi...
Acceptability of a paste formulation and efficacy of high dose omeprazole in healing gastric ulcers in horses maintained in race training. Gastric ulceration has been found to occur in 80-90% of Thoroughbreds in active race training. Previously, variable success has been reported using mucosal surface protectants and H2 receptor antagonist. Omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, has been shown to inhibit gastric acid secretion in both man and animals. Fourteen horses, in active race training and with endoscopic evidence of moderated to severe gastric ulceration were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (7 horses) were given placebo paste orally once daily for 28 days; Group 2 (7 horses) received 1.54 g active omeprazole in the placeb...
Safety of omeprazole paste in foals and mature horses. Omeprazole has been shown to promote healing of spontaneously occurring gastric ulcers in horses when administered for 28 days at a dose of 4 mg/kg bwt/day and to prevent recurrence of ulcers in almost all horses when treatment is continued at a dose of at least 2 mg/kg bwt/day. The purpose of the 3 studies reported here was to 1) evaluate the evolution of potential effects of omeprazole paste (GastroGard), at a dose of 20 mg/kg bwt/day (5x the recommended dose) for 91 days in mature Thoroughbred horses; 2) evaluate the safety in young horses of omeprazole paste when dosed at 4 mg/kg bwt/day (...
Induction and maintenance of gastric ulceration in horses in simulated race training. Gastric ulceration is a prevalent condition of racehorses. A number of models of gastric ulceration have been described, but none mimic the conditions of a horse in training. The objectives of this study were to determine whether gastric ulcers could be induced and maintained in a group of horses in simulated race training. In addition, serum cortisol was measured on a weekly basis to investigate the possibility that stress may be important in the pathogenesis of gastric ulceration. Thirty horses used in the trial were fed Bermuda grass hay and 6 kg of a concentrate diet, and exercised 6 days/...
Effects of omeprazole paste on healing of spontaneous gastric ulcers in horses and foals: a field trial. A multicentre, blinded, randomised complete-block, field trial was conducted with 140 horses and foals age 4 weeks-28 years to determine if omeprazole paste is effective and safe in promoting healing of spontaneous gastric ulcers under a variety of field conditions and in different breeds and ages of horses. Horses in the study had gastric ulceration as determined by gastroscopy and were divided into replicates of 4 or 5 animals. One horse in each replicate was assigned randomly to receive an empty omeprazole syringe (sham-dosed control) and the remaining horses received omeprazole paste once ...
Effect of omeprazole paste on gastric acid secretion in horses. In a multicentre trial, 13 cannulated horses were treated orally once daily with a paste that delivered omeprazole at a dose of 4 and 5 mg/kg bwt in a 2-period crossover design to evaluate steady state gastric acid suppression. In each period, basal (unstimulated) and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric output were evaluated at 5-8 h after 5 doses, at 13-16 h after 10 doses, and at 21-24 h after 15 doses. Baseline data for gastric acid secretion were collected once for each horse in the month prior to initiation of omeprazole treatment. The inhibition of gastric acid secretion relative to baseline...
Comparison of the antisecretory effects of omeprazole when administered intravenously, as acid-stable granules and as an oral paste in horses. The antisecretory activity of omeprazole on gastric acid when administered i.v., intragastrically or per os, was evaluated in 2 female and 3 castrated male horses. Each horse had been prepared with a chronic indwelling gastric cannula. A single i.v. administration of omeprazole (1.5 mg/kg bwt) was effective in abolishing basal and pentagastrin (PG)-stimulated acid secretion. Once daily, nasogastric administration of omeprazole in acid-stable granules for 5 days inhibited acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner: 57% (1.5 mg/kg bwt) and 98% (5.0 mg/kg bwt) reduction of PG-stimulated acid secre...
Treatment of gastric lesions in horses with pectin-lecithin complex. This study compared the study of a pectin-lecithin complex (Pronutrin) on gastric ulcer healing during an 11 day period in 2 groups of 12 horses each. Twenty-four horses suffering from gastric lesions of differing severity were selected from a larger group of clinical cases on the basis of gastroscopic examination. Both gastric mucosal erosions as well as gastric ulcers were found in the 2 mucosal regions (pars nonglandularis and pars glandularis). The gastric mucosal lesions occurred predominantly in the pars nonglandularis in the vicinity of the margo plicatus. The 24 horses were divided equ...
