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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Kanamycin sulfate in the horse: serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine concentrations after single-dose intramuscular administration. Six healthy adult mares were given a single dose of kanamycin sulfate (200 mg/ml) IM at a dosage rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Kanamycin concentrations in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine were measured serially over a 48-hour period. The mean peak serum kanamycin concentration was 12.55 microgram/ml at 1 hour. Mean peak kanamycin concentrations in synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid were 7.25 microgram/ml and 9.27 microgram/ml at 2 hours and 3 hours, respectively. These concentrations decreased steadily in parallel with serum concentrations and were still measurable at 48 h...
Blood volume and rate of growth in Standardbred foals. Blood volume and parameters of body size were studied in 45 Standardbred foals during their first 400 days of life. Bodily dimensions, including body weight (bwt), depth of chest, girth and length (distance from point of shoulder to caudal aspect of croup), increased curvilinearly with age. There was a much faster growth rate noted for the first 100 days of life. Bwt could be predicted from girth and length much more precisely than from age alone. The total blood volume increased proportionately with age and, consequently, the plasma and red cell volumes as functions of bwt were high at birth ...
Luteolysis in mares after endometrial biopsy. The length of diestrus was not changed in 4 mares by taking endometrial biopsy specimens during estrus. In contrast, taking endometrial biopsy specimens on postovulation day 4 induced premature luteolysis and significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the length of diestrus. A concurrent decrease in serum progesterone occurred to verify the premature luteolysis in these mares. Bacterial cultures of endometrial swab samples from these mares were negative for growth at the first estrus before and after the last biopsy procedures, indicating that luteolysis was induced by the biopsy procedure and w...
Prophylactic effects of sodium cromoglycate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. When stabled in a controlled environment, horses effected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) became clinically asymptomatic in 4 to 32 days (mean [+/-sd] 9.1 +/- 4.9 days), the time being influenced most by the severity of the disease judged on maximum intrathoracic pressure change (Max delta Ppl) and the age of the animal. Sodium cromoglycate, a drug widely used for prophylaxis of allergic respiratory disease in man, was administered by inhalation to 56 COPD-affected horses. The results showed that a linear response existed between the number of successive days treatment with t...
Equine carpal surgery: A review of 89 cases and evaluation of return to function. During a 6-year period, carpal arthrotomies were performed on 89 horses with carpal fractures. Fifty-two percent of the fractures involved the left forelimb; the 3rd carpal bone was most often involved (42%), followed by the radial carpal bone (30%). The effect of surgery on the performance of a subgroup of 48 thoroughbreds was evaluated by comparing the number of starts, level of racing (claiming value), and earnings for the 12 months of racing preceding and following arthrotomy. The data indicated that carpal arthrotomy in the Thoroughbred carries with it a favorable prognosis inasmuch as 80...
Proximal equine radial and median motor nerve conduction velocity. Radial and median motor nerve conduction velocities were determined on 10 clinically healthy 1- to 11-year-old ponies. These velocities were obtained by stimulation at the brachial plexus directly through a surgical incision and later in the ambulatory pony via implanted Formvar-coated wire electrodes. Percutaneous stimulation was used at the cubital region in both anesthetized and ambulatory ponies. The values for radial motor nerve fibers ranged from 96.4 to 100 m/s. These were 15.3% faster than previously reported distal values. Median motor nerve fiber values ranged from 86.8 to 90.2 m/s, ...
Effects of cytotoxic drugs on cultured equine cells in vitro. Sixteen cytotoxic drugs used in cancer chemotherapy in man were studied for cytopathic effect on equine fibrosarcoma, melanoma and normal equine lung cells in vitro. Three drugs, vincristine, melphalan and methotrexate, produced cytopathic effect
Percutaneous lung biopsy in the horse. Percutaneous lung biopsies with a cutting needle (Vim Tru Cut) were obtained from 20 horses. The procedure was performed in standing horses under a local anesthesia without sedation. All lung tissue specimens were suitable for histologic examinations and contained both pulmonary parenchyma and large airways. The only complication was hemoptysis in 2 (10%) horses which required no therapy. All horses were subsequently killed, and no gross abnormalities were present at the biopsy site.
Use of a flotation tank to sling horses and cattle undergoing surgery to the limbs. A system using a suitably sized flotation tank has been developed to reduce the weight that horses and cattle place upon their legs after undergoing surgery to their limbs. The system overcomes the need for the patient to lie down for long periods, thus preventing decubitus. The system is well tolerated with few side effects; after prolonged flotation alopecia may occur on those parts of the patient which remain continuously immersed in water. The method is now commonly referred to as the 'Queensland Sling'.
Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate associated with epiglottic shortening in two horses. Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate was diagnosed in 2 Thoroughbred horses examined because of decreased exercise tolerance and a respiratory noise during strenuous exercise. The persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate was caused by an epiglottis that was approximately 2/3 normal size, and thus was incapable of maintaining the soft palate in a normal subepiglottic position. Contrast pharyngography suggested a primary epiglottic abnormality. Visual assessment of the lesion was accomplished by exploratory ventral laryngotomy and endoscopy of the oropharynx per os. Surgica...
Clinical survey of tumours and tumour-like lesions in horses in south east Queensland. The results of a retrospective survey of tumours and tumour-like lesions encountered in horses in a veterinary practice in south east Queensland between 1956 and 1978 are presented. Forty-two per cent of the lesions were examined histologically. The most commonly occurring neoplasms were the equine sarcoid, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma of the eye and external genitalia. Neurofibroma was an important problem in the eyelid region. Intra-abdominal tumours were rarely encountered in this series.
Sodium oxacillin in the horse: serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine concentrations after single-dose intramuscular administration. Six healthy adult mares were given a single dose (25 mg/kg of body weight) of sodium oxacillin IM. Oxacillin concentrations in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine were measured serially over a 48-hour period. The mean peak serum oxacillin concentration was 9.75 microgram/ml at 0.5 hour after injection. Mean peak oxacillin concentrations in synovial and peritoneal fluids were 1.45 microgram/ml and 2.60 microgram/ml at 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. These concentrations decreased in parallel with serum values and were not measurable at 48 hours. Urine concentrations of oxacilli...
Use of infra-red carbon dioxide analysis during general anaesthesia in the horse. The carbon dioxide content of respiratory gases may be monitored by the use of an infra-red carbon dioxide analyser. The technique allows continuous and non-invasive recording of important information concerning the ventilatory, circulatory and metabolic states of the anaesthetised horse. Some of the monitoring capabilities of a carbon dioxide analyser (capnograph) are reviewed with illustrations from cases anaesthetised in the authors' clinic. Technical faults in the anaesthetic apparatus and the connections with the "patient" could be readily detected and emergency situations immediately rec...
Bacteriological and serological studies of haemophilus equigenitalis, agent of contagious equine metritis. Seventeen strains of haemophilus equigenitalis isolated from the cervix, clitoris, and urethra of mares were biochemically characterized with the API 10E and APIZYM test kit systems, conventional biochemical tests, and the porphyrin test. Antisera were prepared in rabbits. All of the strains were positive to the porphyrin test, and the requirement for factor X (hemin) or V (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was not shown. Catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, and phosphoamidase tests were positive with all of the strains. Aminopeptidase (arylamidase) activity has been detected on beta-naphthylamide...
Clinical toxicosis and erythrocyte cholinesterase inhibition of trichlorfon combined with mebendazole in horses. Thirty adult horses were used to compare the toxicity and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition of various dosages of a combination anthelmintic, trichlorfon + mebendazole. Single oral doses of up to 5 times the effective dosage (39.7 mg of trichlorfon and 8.8 mg of mebendazole/kg of body weight) did not result in deaths. Horses given a placebo and horses treated at the recommended dosage rate showed few or no side effects, whereas horses given higher dosages showed dosage-related increases in the severity of clinical signs of organophosphate toxicosis. Dosage-related inhibition of erythrocyte ChE a...
Equine laryngeal hemiplegia, Part I: Physical characteristics of affected animals. Various physical characteristics of horses affected with laryngeal hemiplegia were studied. Appropriate comparisons were made with the populations from which the affected animals were obtained. Statistical evidence is presented which supports the widely held clinical impression that heavy, young, male animals are most susceptible to the disease.
