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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Contagious equine metritis: isolation and characterization of the etiologic agent. Uterine, cervical, and clitoral specimens on swabs from pony mares infected with contagious equine equine metritis (CEM) bacteria were streaked on agar plates. Colonies of CEM bacteria were observed under CO2 incubation in 2 days on Eugon chocolate agar and Eugon blood agar plates. The diameter of the colonies varied from 0.2 mm to 1 mm in 2 days which increased to 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm on day 4. The colonies on Eugon chocolate agar plates on days 2 to 4 were shiny, brown, round, and convex, and easily glided when pushed with a loop. The diameter of the colonies on chocolate and blood agar plates m...
Studies on the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. II. Right heart haemodynamics. Pressure curves obtained by cardiac catheterization of the pulmonary artery, right ventricle and right atrium of 9 horses and ponies with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were compared with those similarly recorded from 6 clinically normal control subjects. The mean pulmonary peak systolic, pulmonary minimum diastolic and ventricular peak systolic pressures of the COPD subjects were significantly higher (P less than 0,01) than the corresponding mean pressures of the clinically normal control subjects. The mean pressure calculated from pressure curves obtained from 8 Thoroughbreds i...
Repair of digital flexor tendon lacerations in the horse, using carbon fiber implants. Flexible medical grade carbon fiber was surgically implanted in tenectomized or lacerated superficial and deep digital flexor tendons of 13 horses (7 clinical cases and 6 experimental), ranging in age from 15 months to 10 years and weighing 300 to 500 kg. The 6 experimental horses were euthanatized at 30-, 45-, 60-, and 90-day intervals for gross and histologic evaluation of the results. Three of the experimental horses served as their own controls. Of the 7 clinically affected horses, 3 were euthanatized because they developed laminitis or the wound failed to heal. The remaining 4 horses in t...
Intestinal atresia and stenosis in animals: a report of 34 cases. Intestinal atresia was found in 29 animals and stenosis in five. Atresia was found in the duodenum in one pup; in the jejunum in nine calves, two lambs and one piglet; in the ileum in one pup, one lamb and one piglet; and in the colon in one foal, seven calves, one lamb, one piglet and three kittens. Stenosis was found in the duodenum of a foal, in the jejunum in two calves and one pup, and in both the ileum and the colon of a kitten. One lamb showed ileal atresia as well as ileal stenosis. We classified the atresia as type 1, membrane atresia (four cases); type 2, cord atresia (six cases); an...
Critical tests of new benzothiazole anthelmintic tioxidazole in the horse. The basic-dose confirmation tests of tioxidazole for removal of susceptible populations of gastrointestinal parasites of the horse were made in 10 naturally infected horses, using the critical test method (experiment A). A single dose of toxidazole, given at the rate of 11 mg/kg of body weight, was administered to 5 horses by stomach tube and to 5 horses by mixing the drug with the daily grain ration. In the 5 horses given the drug by stomach tube, aggregate average removals were 90% or more for 5 horses infected with Stronglyus vulgaris, 5 infected with S edentatus, 5 infected with small stro...
The disposition and metabolism of the synthetic prostaglandin fluprostenol (ICI 81,008) in the horse. 1. Following single intramuscular doses of [14C]fluprostenol (0.5--2.4 micrograms/kg) to three female horses and to three gelded male horses, radioactivity was present in the plasma within 5 min; peak concn. (0.32--1.30 ng/ml fluprostenol equiv.) occurred 5 to 90 min after injection. Radioactivity was still present in the plasma of the females after three days. About 88% of fluprostenol is bound to plasma proteins. 2. Radioactivity was present in the parotid saliva of the gelded male horses within 10 min. Peak concn. (45--91 pg/ml fluprostenol equiv.) occurred from 5 min to 1 h after injection...
Digoxin pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, efficacy, and dosage regimens in the horse. The pharmacokinetics of IV administered digoxin and the bioavailability of intragastrically administered powdered digoxin tables suspended in water were investigated in 6 clinically normal adult horses by 125I radioimmunoassay. The effect of 3 to 5 sequential IV doses of 5 micrograms of digoxin/kg of body weight at 2-hour intervals on a left ventricular index of contractility (Vmax) was assessed in 5 clinically normal horses. Standard pharmacokinetic equations and mean pharmacokinetic variables were used to derive parenteral and oral (loading and maintenance) doses for digoxin in horses. The c...
Equestrian cold panniculitis in women. We describe four patients with panniculitis attributable to a combination of cold exposure and equestrian activities. All were young, healthy women who rode horses for at least two consecutive hours per day throughout the winter. Initially, several small, erythematosus, pruritic papules appeared on the superior-lateral portions of one or both thighs. During one week, the lesions progressed to indurated, red-to-violaceous,tender plaques and nodules. Studies for cryofibrinogens and cryoglobulins were negative. The histologic picture was that of a panniculitis with prominent inflammation of veins...
Thermographic diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome in the horse. Lateral and frontal thermographic patterns of the head of normal horses before and after exercise were characterized to aid the diagnosis of diseases of the head. Surgical induction of Horner's syndrome was done in four horses by isolation and transection of the vagosympathetic trunk. One clinical case and the surgically induced cases of Horner's syndrome were evaluated clinically. Thermographic findings of the clinical case were similar to the experimental cases.
Response of plasma LH and FSH to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in pony foals and ovariectomized pony mares. Plasma FSH and LH response to a synthetic GnRH analog was measured in adult ovariectomized pony mares (OVX) and in pony foals (<70 days of age) during late spring (May-June). FSH and LH responded in a similar fashion (200% increase) in the OVX mare, which is different from other reports for intact mares. There was a greater mean response to a comparable dose of GnRH in the prepubertal foal for both FSH (500%) and LH (900%) than in the OVX mare. There was a positive correlation between age and the maximum FSH response to GnRH in male and female foals. The LH response was positively correlate...
Thermography in the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the horse. To evaluate the use of thermography in equine medicine, a three-phase study was conducted. In the first phase, six horses were examined thermographically, before and after exercise, to determine a normal thermal pattern. In the second phase, nine horses with acute and chronic inflammatory processes were examined thermographically. In the third phase, thermography was used to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs on chemically induced inflammatory reactions. All normal horses tested had similar infrared emission patterns. There was a high degree of symmetry between right and lef...
Effects of furosemide on cardiovascular function and performance when given prior to simulated races: a double-blind study. In a double-blind study under simulated racing conditions, six Standardbred horses, which had been trained for 12 weeks, were given 1 mg of furosemide/kg of body weight or saline solution IV 15 minutes before the first of two warm-up workouts (1.6 km at 60-minute intervals). Sixty minutes later, 135 minutes after drug or placebo injection, these horses were driven 1.6 km at maximum speed. Heart rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output, pulmonary trunk pressure, body temperature, PCV, arterial oxygen, and plasma lactic acid were recorded during and after the first warm-up workout and after a simu...
Thermography: a technique for subclinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Thermographic and radiographic evaluations of the tarsus (hock) were done on 20 Standardbred racehorses before and after exercise at three consecutive 6-week intervals. All horses were from the same stable and given the same care and training under identical schedules and conditions. Normal thermographic patterns were established before and after exercise. These patterns corresponded to the underlying tarsal vasculature. Postexercise thermal patterns indicated a warming trend, and the increases were uniform. Abnormal thermal patterns were more localized and did not conform to the normal underl...
Maturation of equine epididymal spermatozoa. Spermatozoa from four regions of the epididymis and from ejaculated semen were evaluated for their resistance to cold shock, progressive motility, and structural stability. Spermatozoa were incubated at 38 C and their percentage of eosinophilia was compared with that of spermatozoa cooled to 0 C in 2 minutes, 10 C in 12 minutes, or 4 C in 22 minutes. Spermatozoa motility was estimated visually under phase-contrast microscopy and was recorded by cinematography. Structural stability of spermatozoa incubated in 0.05 M sodium borate buffer, 0.035 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.002 M dithiothrei...
Limitations in equine fetal electrocardiography. Technical and interpretive limitations of equine fetal electrocardiography were evaluated in recordings obtained from 45 pregnant mares. Technical limitations were related to the small amplitude of the fetal electrocardiogram and the variability in the lead configuration providing the best recording. It was found that recording the fetal electrocardiogram at high sensitivity and high base-line fidelity in several different leads was necessary to obtain satisfactory tracings. Interpretive limitations were related in part to the small amplitude of the fetal electrocardiogram and to the marked va...
Principles of drug administration in the horse. This paper is an introduction to a series of commissioned articles on therapeutic medicine to be published in Equine Veterinary Journal under differing authorship, during the next 2 years. It presents an account of fundamental concepts common to the use of all drugs and introduces some pharmacokinetic principles to which reference will be made in later articles.
Selenium and vitamin E in horses. A survey of selenium and vitamin E concentrations in horses was conducted at four breeding farms in New York. There were no significant changes in mean blood selenium concentrations in horses at the three sampling dates whereas vitamin E concentrations underwent seasonal fluctuations. The mean blood selenium concentration in this survey for horses fed local feed was 7.7 microgram/dl. Horses fed commercial feed had a mean blood selenium concentration of 15.6 microgram/dl. A 0.94 correlation coefficient was found between blood glutatione peroxidase activity and blood selenium concentrations in h...
Cytologic interpretation of peritoneal fluid in the evaluation of equine abdominal crises. Cytologic examination of serial peritoneal fluid samples of nine experimental ponies was performed during a 72 hour period following laparotomy. Six of the ponies had jejunal infarction induced by occlusion of the corresponding vasculature. Cytologic examination was also performed on the peritoneal fluid of a series of horses with naturally occurring abdominal crises presented to the Large Animal Clinic. A rapid staining technique allowed evaluation of smears within 5 minutes of obtaining the fluid. Alterations in peritoneal fluid of the experimental and clinical cases reflected an acute infla...
