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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Foreign body obstruction of the small colon in six horses. Six horses, which had a foreign body obstruction of the small colon showed abdominal pain of progressing severity and intestinal tympany. On rectal examination the caecum and large colon were distended with ingesta and gas but the obstructing mass could be palpated in only 3 cases. All horses had elevated indirect blood pressure and in 3 there was also fluid distension of the stomach. Only one horse had known access to foreign material in the diet, but a further 3 were related to an exceptionally dry climate period. Five of the 6 horses recovered following surgery.
Critical test evaluation of butamisole against gastrointestinal parasites of horses and ponies. A critical test was performed to evaluate the anthelmintic properties of an injectable butamisole formulation and to compare the efficiency with that of a commercially available piperazine-thiabendazole anthelmintic. The test was done in 10 horses and 15 ponies with naturally acquired parasitic infections. Butamisole was administered at the dose level of 2.5 or 3.75 mg/kg of body weight by either subcutaneous or deep intramuscular injection. Given at the dose level of 2.5 mg/kg, butamisole was highly effective (99%) against Strongylus vulgaris and moderately effective (49%) against Parascaris ...
Interaction of oestradiol and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on LH release in the mare. Acyclic mare given oestradiol for 3 days to simulate the preovulatory plasma oestradiol surge showed a non-significant 37% decrease in plasma LH during treatment. When GnRH analogue injections were given with oestradiol on Days 1--3, oestradiol had no effect on each GnRH-induced LH increase, but LH increases were more prolonged following subsequent GnRH injections on Days 4--7 when oestradiol was no longer being given. A much greater prolongation of LH release occurred when the course of GnRH injections was commenced after oestradiol treatment ceased; the LH response was almost identical to th...
The correction of uterine torsion in a mare by caesarean section. A 9-year-old mare exhibiting signs of colic late in pregnancy was presented. Uterine torsion was diagnosed and corrected by caesarean section. A live foal was delivered and the mare survived the surgical interference.
Fertility of donor mares following nonsurgical collection of embryos. Embryos were collected nonsurgically on Day 7 or 8 after ovulation from 7 Quarter horse mares using a modified 30-ml Foley catheter to flush the uterine horn ipsilateral to the recent ovulation with 500 ml TCM-199 containing Hepes buffer. After collection, the uteri were infused with nitrofurazone to reduce the chances of infection due to the procedure. Eleven collections from 7 mares resulted in recovery of 9 embryos and nonsurgical transfer of 4 of these resulted in the birth of one foal. After collections, 8 oestrous cycles averages 22.75 days and 2 extended oestrous cycles were 43 and 59 d...
Testicular measurements and reproductive characteristics in stallions. Factors affecting testicular measurements in situ and the relationships among the measurements and various reproductive characteristics were studied using data from 48 stallions. Mean values during the breeding season are provided for scrotal width, widths and lengths of individual testes, combined weight of testicular parenchyma, daily sperm production and daily sperm output. Testicular measurements were highly repeatable from day to day and for repeated measurements on a given day; technician provided the largest source of variation in the measurements of a given stallion. Age significantly ...
Prolonged interovulatory interval after oestradiol treatment in mares. This study was designed to test if oestradiol treatment would prevent or delay luteolysis in mares. Mares (5/group) received 0, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg oestradiol-17 beta daily from the day of ovulation until the next ovulation or for a maximum of 32 days. This treatment did not prevent luteolysis which occurred 15.8, 16.8, 15.8 and 17.3 days after the previous ovulation for the mares treated with 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg oestradiol respectively. Although oestradiol treatment failed to alter oestrous behaviour after luteolysis, daily treatment with 10.0 mg oestradiol prevented follicular growth and...
The pony as a model for septic shock. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using alert, conscious ponies as a model for septic shock in man. Ten ponies were given 0.7-5 X 10(9) organisms/kg of body weight of live E coli intravenously over one hour. All ponies died and exhibited signs of low cardiac output septic shock. significant decreases were found in cardiac index to 3.15 +/- 0.1 liters/min/m2 (P less than 0.05), white blood cell count to 1,930 +/- 100 cells/m3 (P less than 0.05), preterminal blood glucose to 75 +/- 5 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), PaO2 to 75.7 +/- 5.7 mm Hg (P less than 0.05), and pH to 7.15 +/...
Effect of successive ejaculation on stallion seminal characteristics. Five ejaculates were collected at hourly intervals from 32 sexually rested stallions. Gel volume, total seminal volume, sperm concentration and spermatozoa per ejaculate declined (P less than 0.01) from the first to the second or third ejaculate. Gel-free seminal volume or percentage of motile spermatozoa did not vary (P less than 0.05) among ejaculates. Ejaculates from 2- to 3-year-old stallions contained less volume and fewer spermatozoa than those from 9- to 16-year-old stallions. Regardless of the stallion's age the first, first 2, first 3 and first 4 ejaculates represented 50, 74, 86 and ...
An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for progesterone in horse plasma. A simple enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of progesterone is described. Antibody against 11-OH-hemisuccinate-BSA is bound to polystyrene tubes. 11-OH-hemisuccinyl-beta-D-galactosidase is used as enzyme-coupled antigen and methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside as substrate. Concentrations down to 0.156 ng/ml plasm or amounts of 93 pg/tube are detectable. Probit analysis gave a linear relationship between log concentration and percentage of binding. A comparison of EIA and radioimmunoassay gave a correlation coefficient of 0.81. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to estimate progest...
The density of equine tissue at 37 degrees C. The density of the following equine tissues was measured: white and grey brain matter, myocardium, lung parenchyma, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract and contents, renal medulla and cortex, muscle, fat, tendon and bone. Statistical analysis indicated that there were highly significant differences in the values for density between horses and between tissues within horses. Values for density of eight different muscles were obtained for 18 horses and these were shown to differ highly significantly between horses and between muscles within horses. The values for splenic density differed highly...
Treatment of ringworm in horses with natamycin. A suspension based on the antibiotic, natamycin, was applied by sponging to 83 horses of various breeds and ages with signs of clinical ringworm. A number of different causative agents were involved of which Trichophyton equinum was the most common. Treatment successfully eliminated the disease within 4 weeks. After treatment the recovered animals did not show any evidence of re-infection for up to 6 months. The mycological clearance rate was 97 per cent and apart from the efficacy against ringworm, the preparation had the advantage of being non-irritant and odourless. It was also useful for t...
Radiographic evidence of impaired pulmonary function in laterally recumbent anaesthetised horses. Studies in conscious and anaesthetised ponies demonstrated that starvation, anaesthesia and changes in body position influence the radiographic appearance of the lungs in the lateral and dorsoventral views. Radiographic appearances could not be closely correlated with blood gas values, but they suggested that the volume of the lowermost lung of the laterally recumbent animal is greatly reduced.
Changes in mammary development and composition of secretion during late pregnancy in the mare. Small samples of mammary secretion were taken for analysis from Thoroughbred mares during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy up to the time of foaling. The concentrations of sodium and chloride decreased while those of lactose, potassium, citrate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium and protein increased. The time-course of these changes showed marked variation between animals. The concentration of whey proteins began to increase about 10 days before parturition. The appearance of the secretion and the size of the mammary glands increased in the last few days of pregnancy. It is suggested that the concen...
Fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones in thoroughbred foals. Eighteen cases of fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones in Thoroughbred foals are described. Most of the fractures were in foals under 2 months old and all but one occurred in the forelegs. The bones commonly fractured when the foal galloped to exhaustion trying to keep up with its dam in the paddock. The types of fracture varied but a simple fracture of the medial sesamoid was most frequent and the majority were towards the base of the bone. Six foals sustained a fracture of more than one sesamoid bone and one foal fractured all 4 proximal sesamoid bones in its front legs. Treatment includ...
Cytogenetic and clinical findings in mares with gonadal dysgenesis. Gonadal dysgenesis in the mare is associated with several different karyotypes, including sex chromosome aneuploidy (63,X; 63,X/64,XX; 63,X/64,XY or 65,XXX), the normal male complement (64,XY) and autosomal deletion (64,XX?del2q-). The 63,X is the most common karyotype found in gonadal dysgenesis. Aneuploid cases probably represent spontaneous chromosome non-disjunction during oogenesis, spermatogenesis or early embryonic development. Cases with XY or autosomal deletion may be inherited defects or of spontaneous origin.
Induction of follicular development and ovulation in seasonally acyclic mares using gonadotrophin-releasing hormones and progesterone. Deeply acyclic (seasonally anovulatory) mares were treated with GnRH or a GnRH analogue to induce follicular development and ovulation. Courses of GnRH (3--4) were administered at approximately 10-day intervals to reproduce the gonadotrophin surges which precede ovulation in the normal cycle. Exogenous progesterone was administered in an attempt to reproduce the luteal phase pattern. Induced serum FSH concentrations were comparable to those causing follicular development in the normal cycle, but induced LH levels were lower and of shorter duration than those of the periovulatory surge. Three o...
