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Topic:Clinical Symptoms
Clinical symptoms in horses encompass a range of observable signs that may indicate underlying health issues, such as disease, injury, or physiological stress. These symptoms can vary widely depending on the condition and may include changes in behavior, appetite, respiratory patterns, or physical appearance. Common clinical symptoms in horses include lameness, colic, coughing, nasal discharge, and changes in body temperature or heart rate. Identifying and interpreting these symptoms is an essential aspect of equine veterinary practice, as they provide critical information for diagnosis and management of health conditions. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the identification, assessment, and implications of clinical symptoms in equine health management.
Eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in a horse. An 11-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was evaluated because of a persistent, raised band of 1- to 2-mm subepithelial plaques of the left cornea. Cytologic examination of corneal scrapings revealed numerous eosinophils and segmented neutrophils, with few mast cells, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. Bacteriologic culture yielded sparse growth of alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus spp. Histologically, the plaques consisted of subepithelial foci of fragmented and degenerated collagen fibers infiltrated by eosinophils and neutrophils, with few lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. ...
Removal of inspissated purulent exudate from the ventral conchal sinus of three standing horses. Primary paranasal sinusitis, complicated by inspissated purulent exudate in a ventral conchal sinus, was diagnosed in 3 horses. Partial nasal obstruction, caused by axial deviation of the ventral concha, was detected endoscopically in 2 of the horses. A mass, dorsal to the maxillary molars, was detected via a lateral radiographic view of the skull of 3 horses and on the dorsoventral view of 1 of the horses. Inspissated purulent exudate was removed from the ventral conchal sinus of the horses via trephination of the conchofrontal sinus and penetration of the caudal wall of the ventral conchal s...
Successful pregnancy after partial hysterectomy in two mares. Infertility was associated with a uterine mass in 2 Thoroughbred mares. Both mares had produced live foals, but had been barren for 2 years, despite repeated breedings. Each mass was removed through a right ventral paramedian incision. Histologic examination of the masses revealed a leiomyoma and an ovarian abscess. In 1 mare, approximately 30% of 1 uterine horn was removed because of tumor attachment; in the other mare, approximately 50% of 1 uterine horn was removed because of adhesions to the ovarian abscess. Pregnancy information was available for both mares for the 3 years after surgery; ...
Comparison of the cranial and a new lateral approach to the femoropatellar joint for aspiration and injection in horses. The genual joint in horses is complex, making synovial fluid aspiration and injection of the femoropatellar joint difficult. Horses commonly have signs of resentment to needle penetration at this site. We compared the safety and efficacy of a new technique, using a lateral approach to the femoropatellar joint, with that of the standard cranial approach in 12 horses. A significantly greater amount of fluid was obtained with the lateral approach (2.0 +/- 0.5 ml, mean +/- SEM) than with the cranial approach (0.9 +/- 0.2 ml). Significant differences were not observed in color, nucleated cell count...
Osteochondral fragmentation of the plantar/palmar proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx in racing horses. The clinical presentation and outcome of treatment is presented for 26 cases of osteochondral fragmentation of the plantar/palmar proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx. Twenty-three were racing Standardbreds and three were racing Thoroughbreds. The most common reason for presentation was an inability to run straight at high speed. Only eight horses presented for lameness, although on examination 19 were lame. A positive flexion test was recorded in 90% of affected fetlock joints and effusion in 48%. Arthroscopic fragment removal was performed on 23 occasions in 21 horses and arthrotomy in on...
Endometrial polyps and endometritis in a thoroughbred filly. No abstract available
[Two congenital anomalies of the urinary tract in warmblood horses: ectopia ureteris and diverticulum vesicae]. Two cases of congenital anomalies of the urinary tract of horses are described. In case 1 there was an ectopia ureteris sinistri in an one-year-old mare. The animal showed urinary incontinence without affects of the general condition. The diagnosis was made by rectal, ultrasonic and vaginoscopic examination. Therapeutically a nephrectomy of the left kidney was carried out. In case 2 a six-year-old gelding had a congenital diverticulum at the neck of the urinary bladder. It showed colic during urination, dropping of urine and haematuria. The diagnosis was made by rectal exploration, ultrasonic ...
Acute effects of perineural administration of sodium hyaluronate on palmar digital neurectomy sites in horses. Biaxial palmar digital neurectomy of all limbs was performed on 6 mixed-breed castrated adult male horses, using a standard guillotine method. Using a Teflon catheter, 20 mg (2 ml) of sodium hyaluronate (group 1), 2 ml of phosphate-buffered saline solution (group 2), or catheter placement with no infusion (group 3) was applied to 4 (group 1) or 2 (groups 2 and 3) of 8 incisions/horse. Treatments were administered after closure of the neurectomy incision, and the catheter was removed. Horses were evaluated daily for 1 week, then weekly over a 9-week period for evidence of lameness, swelling, an...
[Tapeworms, a problem in equine practice?]. This paper gives a survey on biology and ecology of equine tapeworms as well as on pathogenesis, clinics, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of tapeworm infections.
Effects of phenylbutazone on thiamylal disposition and anaesthesia in ponies. Phenylbutazone given during the perisurgical period has been reported to increase the intensity and duration of thiamylal anaesthesia in horses. A possible mechanism of competitive plasma protein binding has been suggested. The purpose of the present study was to experimentally reproduce the phenomenon of increased intensity and/or duration of thiamylal anaesthesia and to determine if there is competitive displacement of plasma protein bound thiamylal by phenylbutazone. Six ponies each received one of three treatments, 11 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) thiamylal; 8.8 mg/kg i.v. phenylbutazone; and 1...
Stringhalt secondary to trauma to the dorsoproximal region of the metatarsus in horses: 10 cases (1986-1991). A review of medical records was used to identify 10 horses in which stringhalt developed subsequent to trauma to the dorsal metatarsus. Six horses developed stringhalt within 3 months after injury, 3 horses developed stringhalt > 3 months after injury, and time from injury to stringhalt was unknown for 1 horse. Horses were treated with exercise, including daily hand-walking with pasture turnout, followed by lunging; or surgically, using lateral digital extensor myotenectomy. Of the horses treated with exercise, 1 had resolution of stringhalt, 2 improved but had residual stringhalt, and 1 ha...
Pituitary abscess and basilar empyema in 4 horses. Abscess of the pituitary gland is a rare condition which has been
described in man (Domingue and Wilson 1977; Ahmed et al. 1989),
ruminants (Taylor and Meads 1963; Moriwaki er al. 1973; Lomas and
Hazell 1983; Perdrizet and Dinsmore 1986) and one horse
(Rumbaugh 1977). The some of infection may be either direct
extension from an adjacent focus or haematogenous spread from a site
elsewhere in the body. In man, pituitary abscess may result from
meningitis, sphenoid sinusitis (Selose et al. 1980), and osteomyelitis
(Rongetti and Daniels 1950). A review of 20 cases of pituitary abscess
in ...
Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis in a horse. A 6-year-old female Quarter Horse became inappetent, lost weight, was febrile, and had abdominal enlargement and infrequent bouts of mild colic. Palpation per rectum detected a prominent, smooth-walled mass adjacent to the pelvic flexure of the colon. Analyses revealed the peritoneal fluid was apparently normal except for a high protein concentration. By the use of ultrasonography, the mass was observed adjacent to the body wall in many locations throughout the abdomen, appearing as an irregular, multiloculated structure composed of innumerable cysts of various sizes with interspersed, circula...
[Sporotrichosis in a horse]. A 9-year old male Arabian horse was referred to the Department of Large Animal Surgery of the University of Utrecht because of multiple nodules on the inner side of the right hind leg. The nodules seemed to follow a cutaneolymphatic pattern. Histopathology of a nodule showed a granulomatous inflammation with the presence of multinucleated giant cells. In PAS- and Grocott-stained sections, spheroid yeast-like organisms with some budding were found throughout the tissue. A preliminary diagnosis of sporotrichosis was made. A fresh nodule was cultured and the presence of Sporothrix c.f. schenckii ...
Effect of betamethasone and exercise on equine carpal joints with osteochondral fragments. Osteochondral fragments were created arthroscopically on the distal aspect of both radial carpal bones in 12 horses. On day 14 after surgery, one middle carpal joint of each horse was injected with 2.5 mL Betavet Soluspan (3.9 mg betamethasone sodium phosphate and 12 mg betamethasone acetate per milliliter) and the contralateral joint was injected with 2.5 mL saline as a control. Intra-articular treatments were repeated on day 35. On day 17, six horses began exercising 5 days per week on a high-speed treadmill. The other six horses were kept in box stalls throughout the study as nonexercised c...
Surgical treatment for epiglottic entrapment in horses: 51 cases (1981-1992). Medical records of 51 horses with epiglottic entrapment were reviewed, and the outcome after surgical treatment was evaluated by use of results from a survey of owners and from race records. Horses with epiglottic entrapment and no additional problem (uncomplicated) of the nares, nasal passages, pharynx, or larynx (upper airway) that were treated by transoral axial division (group 1) or resection via laryngotomy (group 2), and horses with epiglottic entrapment complicated by an additional upper airway abnormality (group 3) were compared. The cost of treatment, duration of hospitalization, time...
Marked Acantholysis Associated with Dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton equinum in Two Horses. Resumen- Dos caballos adultos manifestaron un cuadro prurítico y de dolor asociado con una dermatitis generalizada de evolución rápida y consistente en la presencia de pápulas, pústulas y costras. El examen microscópico de extensiones citológicas a partir del exudado purulento reveló la presencia de numerosos queratinocitos acantoliticos, neutrófilos no degenerados y ausencia de microorganismos, lo que sugirió un diagnóstico de pénfigo foliáceo. Las biopsias de piel mostraron dermatofitosis, marcada acantolisis y crecióTrichophyton equinum en cultivos fúngicos. Las lesiones en a...
Equine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a well-characterized X-linked inherited disorder in humans but has not been reported in horses. We describe a persistent hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia due to a severe G6PD deficiency in an American Saddlebred colt. Other abnormalities in the colt's erythrocytes as compared with those of healthy horses (n = 22-35) included increased activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, decreased concentrations of reduced glutathione and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), and increased concentration of oxidized NAD...
Abdominal radiography for diagnosis of enterolithiasis in horses: 141 cases (1990-1992). Medical records of 245 horses that had been evaluated by use of abdominal radiography between January 1990 and December 1992 were reviewed. One hundred forty-one horses subsequently had a postmortem examination or surgical exploration performed for definitive lesion diagnosis. The signalment, diagnosis, site, and number of enteroliths were obtained from the medical records. Radiographs were evaluated individually by 3 reviewers for the presence of enteroliths, preferred diagnostic view, evidence of large colon tympany, and film quality. Of the 141 cases reviewed, 66.7% (94/141) had confirmed e...
Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in a pony. An adult pony had a 1-month history of severe respiratory distress that was resistant to treatment and environmental changes. Results of blood gas analysis were indicative of alveolar hypoventilation. Simultaneous recordings of thoracic and abdominal wall motion by inductance plethysmography, together with complete pulmonary mechanics evaluation that included transdiaphragmatic pressure monitoring, revealed complete passive behavior of the diaphragm during breathing. Because radiography, necropsy, and histologic examination did not reveal any major lesion to explain the clinical and functional...
