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Topic:Disease Diagnosis
Disease diagnosis in horses involves the identification and characterization of illnesses through various diagnostic methods and tools. This process is essential for effective veterinary care and management of equine health. Techniques used in diagnosing diseases in horses include clinical examinations, laboratory tests, imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and radiography, and molecular diagnostics. Blood tests are frequently utilized to assess parameters such as complete blood count and biochemical profiles, which can indicate underlying health issues. Additionally, advancements in genetic testing and biomarker identification have enhanced the ability to detect specific diseases early. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore diagnostic methodologies, their applications, and their impact on equine health management.
Condylomata acuminata. A 5-year-old Thoroughbred chestnut mare was presented because of multiple lesions noticed for approximately one year over the vulva and ther perianal areas. Clinically, there were moist warts that stood out because of their whitish color which contrasted strikingly with the surrounding, normally pigmented, uninvolved skin (Fig. 1). Repeated topical applications of 20% podophyllin in 95% ethyl alcohol produced rapid involution. Histopathologically, marked acanthosis, numerous mitoses, prominently vacuolated epidermal cells and a chronic dermal inflammatory infiltrate were seen (Figs. 2, 3, and ...
Gastrointestinal trichomonads in horses: occurrence and identification. A survey of horses for gastrointestinal trichomonads was conducted to determine the organism's role in equine diarrhea and to establish its proper identity and morphology. Trichomonads were found by cultural examination of feces of 101 (35%) of 289 apparently healthy horses. At necropsy, trichomonads were cultured from 11 (37%) of another 30 horses which showed no signs of diarrhea at the time of death. In 4 of the 11 horses, colonies of trichomonads numbered 30,000 to 150,000/ml of cecal fluid. Diarrhea was induced in 1 of 6 horses, with the fecal fluid containing 10,000 to 110,000 trichomona...
LDH and LDH isoenzymes of synovial fluid in the horse. LDH is an intracellular enzyme, which when cells degenerate is released to the extracellular spaces and body fluids. Cells and organs in the mammalian body differ from each other with respect to their LDH isoenzyme patterns. These circumstances have led to the use of LDH isoenzyme determinations in laboratory diagnostic work. In the present investigation total LDH activity and LDH isoenzyme distribution in equine synovial fluid from healthy joints, joints with serous arthritis, osteochondrosis dissecans and arthrosis, were determined. The fluids from the diseased joints differed from normal sy...
Letter: Parascaris in foals. Sir, — We wish to report the death of a foal due to a parasitic lesion caused by Parascaris equorum..P equorum is reported to cause periodic colic, enterilis, obstructive colic with occasional rupture of the small intestine. However, personal communications with other veterinarians and our experience indicate fatal cases are not as common as indictaed in the literature.
Transmission of equine infectious anemia virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus. The mechanical transmission of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus was investigated. In 1 of 7 transmission trials, a single horsefly transmitted EIA virus from an acutely infected pony to a susceptible pony. Groups of horseflies isolated for 3, 10, or 30 minutes before refeeding transmitted EIA virus, whereas those isolated for 4 or 24 hours did not. Data from field studies indicate that the home range or flight distance of horseflies may exceed 4 miles. That information together with our observations suggest that segregation of infected horses (usually defined as at...
Light and electron microscopic investigation of equine synovial membrane. A comparison between healthy joints and joints with intraarticular fractures and osteochondrosis dissecans. Light and electron microscopic examination was made on equine synovial membrane from 23 healthy joints, nine joints with synovitis caused by intraarticular fracture and 10 joints with synovitis caused by osteochondrosis dissecans. Histologically as well as ultrastructurally the equine synovial membrane from healthy joints was of principally the same character as described in other species. Three types of synovial membrane — areolar, fibrous and adipose — and two types of lining cell were distinguished histologically. Ultrastructurally three types of lining cells were distinguished: A and Î...
Osteodystrophia fibrosa in horses at pasture in Queensland: field and laboratory observations. Horses grazing manily Cenchrus ciliaris and/or Panicum maximum var. trichoglume pastures on over 30 properties in southern central Queensland developed lesions of osteodystrophia fibrosa. Horses on individual properties in coastal Queensland grazing Setaria anceps, Brachiaria mutica or Pennisetum clandestinum also developed the disease. Ill-thrift, lameness, and fibrous swellings of nasal bones, maxillae and mandibles were observed. Calcium and phosphorus levels of pasture were normal but all the above pasture species contained oxalates which were suspected of causing the disease.
Purification and characterization of equine infectious anemia virus. EIA virus was purified from equine fetal kidney cell cultures by PEG-precipitation, two sucrose-gradient sedimentations (5-30 per cent) and (25 to 60 per cent) centrifugation, using the immunodiffusion test to follow the procedure. Purified EIA virus had a density (20 degrees C) of 1.162 and a sedimentation constant of S20w=656. electron microscopy revealed a particle of about 100 nm in diameter with a very flexible but usually spherical shape. The dense core may be at various locations inside the membrane bound particle.
The treatment of equine skin infections using topical Trichlorocarbanilide. Skin scrapings from clinical cases of equine skin disorder were examined by culture to determine the micro-organisms involved. In-vitro and in-vivo studies were then made to determine the efficacy of Trichloro-carbanilide as a topical treatment for these cases. The laboratory findings and results of treatment are described, and the value of Trichlorocarbanilide in cases of bacterial, actinomycete and fungal infection assessed.
Effect of bile acid on hepatic excretion and storage of bilirubin in ponies. Endogenous bilirubin uptake from plasma and biliary bilirubin excretion were determined in ponies with chronic biliary T-tube fistulas. Excreted bile was quantitatively recovered. Uptake was calculated from the plasma disappearance of 14C-labeled bilirubin. Biliary bilirubin excretion was determined directly in excreted bile. When bile acid excretion was low (during continuous drainage without bile acid replacment), bilirubin excretion was 37% less than uptake. Uptake and excretion were essentially identical when taurocholic acid was infused to replace bile acids. After depletion of the bile a...
Eimeria leuckarti infection in foals. This is the first report on Eimeria leuckarti infection in foals in Japan. Seven Thoroughbred or Angloarabian foals 2 to 7 months of age raised in the Hidaka district, Hokkaido, were infected with E. leuckarti. They died of severe alterations caused by the larval migration of Strongylus vulgaris, and were examined over a period from 1970 to 1973. Protozoa of this species were observed in the small intestine in all the foals. They were found mostly in vacuoles of the cytoplasm of monoclear cells in the lamina propria at or near the tip of villi. Various stages of gametocytes, oocysts, and micro...
Aberrant retropharyngeal lymph nodes of a horse (Equus caballus). The occurrence of aberrant lymph nodes, on both sides of the head of a horse, belonging to the retropharyngeal lymphocenter has been reported.
Viscosity of equine synovial fluid. Synovial fluid samples from 51 light horses were examined with respect to their rhéologie properties. The analyses were made with a Rotovisco RV3 rotational viscosimeter. Samples from carpal, stifle and hock joints and from healthy joints, joints with synovitis and joints with infectious arthritis were studied. The analyses showed that synovial fluids from both healthy and diseased joints have complex rhéologie properties. In most samples the viscosity varied with the shear rates, the main exceptions being synovial fluids from joints with infectious arthritis. Flow curves (flow behaviour), r...
Cardiac monitoring during exercise tests in the horse. 2. Heart rate responses to exercise. Data on resting heart rates, pre-exercise heart rates, the anticipatory rises before exercise, the influence of speed of work and recovery heart rates have been presented. Some observations on differences in the heart rate response on slow and fast working days are also recorded. In conformity with other workers, a linear relationship between heart rate and working speed within the range of 400-800 metre/min was observed. When the speed of work was between 400-800 metre/min, horses with resting ECG's classed as abnormal had significantly higher heart rates than those regarded as normal. It was...
The treatment of salmonellosis in Equidae. Among 23 Equidae in which various treatment or management regimens for salmonellosis were observed and evaluated, 9 horses were infected with Salmonella typhimurium and 8 with S anatum; an aged mule harbored S newport, and 1 isolant was not identified. Four dual sero-type infections occurred: 3 typhimurium/anatum and 1 anatum/newington. The results obtained with various antimicrobials in therapy of peracute, acute, and chronic infections were discouraging or questionable with regard to efficacy against salmonellae per se. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the salmonellae and coliforms f...
