Disease prevalence in horses refers to the frequency and distribution of various diseases within equine populations. Understanding disease prevalence is essential for identifying health trends, assessing risk factors, and implementing effective disease management and prevention strategies. Common diseases affecting horses include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, strangles, and equine infectious anemia. The study of disease prevalence involves collecting and analyzing data from veterinary reports, field studies, and laboratory diagnostics. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that investigate the patterns, causes, and implications of disease prevalence in horses, providing insights into equine health management and epidemiology.
de la Rúa-Doménech R, Mohammed HO, Cummings JF, Divers TJ, de Lahunta A, Valentine B, Summers BA, Jackson CA.We have conducted an ambidirectional study to estimate the incidence of equine motor neuron disease (EMND) in the northeastern US. The clinical and pathological features of EMND are similar to those described in human motor neuron disease. We have also collected data on all EMND cases reported in the US and described the geographic distribution of the disease. To identify factors associated with the risk of EMND, the authors assembled 163 control horses from the population in which cases were identified. The significance of association between the hypothesized factors and the risk of EMND was ...
Maloufi F.From March to September 1991, horses (n = 1567), donkeys (n = 112) and mules (n = 96) were examined for equine parafilariosis by random sampling from different areas of Iran. The clinical signs of equine parafilariosis were observed in 136 cases of two northern areas (1.4% and 41.3% infection rate) and one northeastern area (6.3% infection rate). Most of the infected cases were confirmed by laboratory findings. All infected cases were followed up to establish the epidemiological features. The results suggest that there is one enzootic area in Iran, the Caspian coast and Persian Turkman steppes...
Donahue JM, Smith BJ, Poonacha KB, Donahoe JK, Rigsby CL.In this study, the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions/stillbirths for the past 3 foaling seasons (1991-1993) was determined, and fetal tissues and/or the mare's urine from positive cases were cultured in an attempt to isolate and identify the leptospira serovars responsible for the abortions. The sensitivity and specificity of the primary diagnostic tests, the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis were also determined. For the 3 years, 74 (3.3%) of 2,264 abortion/stillborn submissions were diagnosed as lept...
Egri B, Sárközy P, Bánhidy G.From 14 to 17 April 1990 and from 12 to 21 May 1993 a total of 136 Caucasian (Donish, Karabakh, Kabardin, local halfbred) and 26 thoroughbred stud-horses were examined for ectoparasites in studs of Stawropol County, Russia. A total of 4054 botfly larvae were identified from 9700 faecal samples collected during a period of 3-4 days after oral treatment with Eqvalan (MSD), Strongid Plus (Pfizer) and Vermitan Plus (Sanofi-Chinoin). The species distribution was: Gasterophilus intestinalis 84.53%, G. nasalis 10.41%, G. haemorrhoidalis 3.62%, G. inermis 1.41%. Gasterophilus nasalis and G. inermis ha...
Nilsson O, Ljungström BL, Höglund J, Lundquist H, Uggla A.Distal ileum, caecum and proximal colon of 470 horses were examined for helminths during 1 year at an abattoir in central Sweden. The infection levels of the horse tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata, their stage of development, site of attachment and gross pathological lesions caused by the worm were recorded. Faecal samples from 395 of the horses were examined specifically for tapeworm segments and eggs in order to correlate these findings with the numbers in the alimentary canal. In total 65% of the horses were infected with A. perfoliata and the mean intensity of infection was 79 worms per i...
Geerts S.In Belgium benzimidazole resistance has been reported in 28% of the sheep farms and 29 to 50% of the studs. In several member states of the European Union the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) is even higher than in Belgium, although AR is nearly absent in some countries of Southern Europe. AR is particularly widespread in certain nematodes of sheep, goats and horses in Europe, whereas only sporadic cases of AR have been reported in helminths of cattle. In Belgium only one case of AR has been described in goat and one in cattle; no surveys for AR have been carried out in pigs. The mai...
Ihler CF, Rootwelt V, Heyeraas A, Dolvik NJ.The caecum and the adjacent 30 cm lengths of ileum and large colon of 201 horses from two different regions of Norway (Ostlandet and Trøndelag) were examined for the presence of Anoplocephala perfoliata. In all, 20% of the horses were infested with the cestode (27% in Ostlandet and 7% in Trøndelag). The mean number of worms in infected horses from the two regions was 18 and 6, respectively. Information was obtained on the age, sex, breed, type of pasture and anthelmintic treatment after the grazing season for 183 of the 20 horses. The degree of infestation with A. perfoliata was not influenc...
Komar N, Spielman A.The 20th century emergence in Massachusetts of zoonotic eastern encephalitis was interpreted in terms of recorded environmental change. The main mosquito vector of the infection, Cs. melanura, appears to have been scarce in eastern North America before the 1930s. Its relative scarcity resulted from destruction of the swamps that had been lumbered or drained for farming in the 18th and 19th centuries. When swamps matured once again early in the 1900s, the formation of subsurface pools of water beneath mature trees would have increased the availability of breeding sites for this mosquito. Transm...
Franke CR, Greiner M, Mehlitz D.The prevalence of Mal de Cadeiras--Portuguese for Trypanosoma (T.) evansi infections in horses--as well as the prevalence of T.evansi infections in cattle, dogs and free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) was investigated in Pantanal de Poconé (Mato Grosso, Brazil). In 0.3, 8.6 and 8.0% of the horses, dogs and capybaras, respectively, infection was detected using standard parasitological methods. A seroprevalence of 4.1, 2.3, 7.1 and 22.0% was found in horses, cattle, dogs and capybaras, respectively, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of T.evansi antigen ...
Ciarlet M, Reggeti F, Piña CI, Liprandi F.Two group A rotavirus strains isolated from diarrheic foals in Venezuela were classified as belonging to G14 serotype by cross-neutralization tests and on the basis of the homology of the sequenced VP7 gene. This report confirms that rotavirus strains of G14 serotype specificity circulate among equine populations.
Benton RE, Lyons ET.A total of 118 horses was examined at necropsy in central Kentucky for the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata. The examination period was between 28 August and 21 December 1992. Prevalence was 64% for Thoroughbreds (n = 81 examined) and 54% for non-Thoroughbreds (n = 37 examined). The number of tapeworms per infected horse varied from one to 853. Data on infections are categorized by breed, sex (n = 38 males, 8 geldings, and 72 females), age (1-31 years), and month of necropsy of the horses.
Lees VW, Gale SP.Sera from horses in Alberta, submitted to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for routine testing for equine infectious anemia from January 1987 to June 1989, were tested for antibody against 13 serovars of pathogenic Leptospira spp., using the microscopic agglutination test. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of serum titers to those serovars in horses in Alberta, and to analyze the associated risk factors. Descriptive statistics were compiled and logistic regressions were computed. Titers to L. interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, bratislava, copenhageni, and autumn...
Rawlings P, Mellor PS.The presence at different latitudes and the seasonal distribution of two known or potential vectors of African horse sickness (AHS) virus--Culicoides imicola and C. obsoletus--were investigated in the Iberian peninsula using light trap collections. Culicoides imicola was present as far north as 41 degrees N but not at 43 degrees N (Asturias, Spain), whereas C. obsoletus was found at all latitudes. In the northern part of the distribution of C. imicola, adults of this species were present for only a few months of the year, but adults were continually present further south. Culicoides obsoletus ...
Crans WJ, Caccamise DF, McNelly JR.Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) is perpetuated in eastern North America in a mosquito-wild bird maintenance cycle that involves Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) as the principal enzootic vector and passerine birds as the primary amplifying hosts. We examined the role of birds in the EEEV cycle at a site in southern New Jersey where EEEV cycles annually at high levels. Birds and mosquitoes were sampled during three epiornitics and one season of limited virus activity. We examined antibody prevalence in birds in relation to eight physical and natural history characteristics. Our goal...
Beelitz P, Rieder N, Gothe R.In this epidemiological study 30 mares and their foals from seven farms in Upper Bavaria were investigated. Eimeria-leuckarti-oocysts were found in 24 foals (80%), but only in one mare. Oocysts were first detected 28 days post partum at the earliest and 191 days post partum at the latest. In foals, excretion of oocysts usually occurred intermittently with coproscopically negative intervals of up to 15 weeks, and was most frequent in June (8 foals), July (17 foals), and August (10 foals). With the exception of two animals which had mild diarrhoea, the oocyst-shedding foals showed no clinical si...
Mellor PS.African horse sickness (AHS) virus causes a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne disease of equines and is enzootic in sub-Saharan Africa. The major vectors are species of Culicoides but mosquitoes and ticks may be involved. Periodically the virus makes excursions beyond its enzootic zones but until recently has not been able to maintain itself outside these areas for more than 2-3 consecutive years. This is probably due to a number of factors including the absence of a long term vertebrate reservoir, the prevalence and seasonal incidence of the vectors and the efficiency of control mea...
Cohen ND.A prospective study was conducted to describe the causes of and farm management factors associated with disease and death in a population of foals in Texas. Data from 2,468 foals at 167 farms were provided by veterinarians for all 12 months during 1991. Among 2,468 foals, 116 deaths were reported (4.7%). Pneumonia was the most commonly reported cause of death, followed by septicemia. When considered as a group, musculoskeletal disorders (traumatic, infectious, or deforming problems) represented the most common cause of all reported deaths. Daily risk of death was greatest during the first 7 da...
Fogarty U, del Piero F, Purnell RE, Mosurski KR.The intestinal tracts of 363 horses were examined after slaughter at a horse abattoir. The presence or absence of Anoplocephala perfoliata and the sites of attachment were recorded. A total of 51 per cent of the horses had A perfoliata attached to the mucosa of the ileocaecal junction and/or to the caecal mucosa; 5 per cent of the horses had A perfoliata attached only to the mucosa of the ileocaecal junction, 24 per cent had A perfoliata attached only to the caecal mucosa and 22 per cent of the horses had A perfoliata attached at both sites. The degree of infestation did not appear to be influ...
Carter SD, May C, Barnes A, Bennett D.Antibody levels (IgG and IgM) to Borrelia burgdorferi were measured in the sera and synovial fluids of UK horses. Western blotting against B. burgdorferi was also used on samples from seropositive horses. A low incidence of seropositivity was shown in horses from most parts of the UK. This increased in areas that have a high incidence of human and canine borreliosis (Norfolk and south coast). Leptospira infections of horses did not cause cross reactions in the B. burgdorferi ELISA. Most horses did not display clinical signs of Lyme disease. As with dogs and man, it is apparent that B. burgdorf...
Monzon CM, Jara GA, Hoyos CB.The usefulness of the direct agglutination test (DA) to diagnose Mal de Caderas disease was evaluated. Forty four sera samples from two lots of horses with natural T. evansi infection (Lot 1 and Lot 2) were used. Thirteen (81.2%) of sixteen horses in which parasites were isolated gave positive agglutination titres (> or = 1:512) in the DA test. Treatment of these positive sera with 2-mercaptoethanol drops three to eight dilutions the agglutination titres in twelve samples (92%), showing the IgM nature of these antibodies. The DA test was also positive in seventeen of twenty eight horses in ...
Edington N, Welch HM, Griffiths L.Equid herpesviruses 1 or 4 (EHV-1 or -4) were isolated by cocultivation from 60% of 40 horses examined at slaughter. The lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract were the most common source of virus. EHV-1 or EHV-4 was never isolated from the trigeminal ganglia (SLG). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected virus in 87.5% of bronchial lymph nodes and a similar level in the trigeminal ganglia that were examined. By both assays approximately one third of the positive animals harboured both viruses. Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) was isolated from all but one of the horses and from > 75% o...
Atwill ER, Mohammed HO, de la Rua-Domenech R.A total of 2,579 serum samples from horses in New York state during 1985-1986 were examined for seropositivity to Ehrlichia risticii using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Cluster analysis statistical technique was used to group counties according to their estimated EME-disease rate (seropositive proportion of sampled horses). Counties were clustered into 4 groups of different EME-disease rates, representing high (86% seropositive), medium (66% seropositive), medium-low (47% seropositive) and low (6% seropositive) risk regions. The logistic regression statistical technique was used...
Reid SW, Gettinby G, Fowler JN, Ikin P.An epidemiological study of equine sarcoid in a population of 4126 donkeys showed that the peak incidence of the disease was 15.2 cases per 100 animal-years and occurred in animals in their fourth year of life. The crude incidence of the disease was 0.6 cases per 100 animal-years. The disease occurred most frequently in younger, male animals during their first five years in the population. The lesions were observed most commonly in the paragenital region. Pre-entry quarantine procedures did not appear to play a significant role in the spread of the disease but there was an indication that clos...
Cohen ND, Parson EM, Seahorn TL, Carter GK.Medical records of 116 horses admitted to the Texas Veterinary Medical Center between Jan 1, 1984 and Dec 31, 1991 with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis (DPJ) were reviewed. The prevalence of laminitis was 28.4% (33/116; 95% confidence interval: 20.2 to 36.6%). The prevalence of DPJ and DPJ-associated laminitis did not appear to vary significantly by year during the study period. Anamnesis, physical examination, clinicopathologic data, and initial treatment recorded at the time of admission were reviewed to determine risk factors associated with development of laminitis associated with DPJ. A tre...
Stoneham SJ, Digby NJ, Ricketts SW.The importance of colostrum for the passive transfer of maternal immunity to foals is well recognised. This survey reports the incidence of the failure of passive transfer of colostral immunity in thoroughbred foals in the United Kingdom during 1988 to 1990, and the effect of plasma transfusions on IgG levels in a group of them. The incidence of disease in these foals first month of life is also recorded.
Fraser RS, Arroyo LG, Meyer A, Lillie BN.Collagenous lectins are a family of soluble pattern recognition receptors that play an important role in innate immune resistance to infectious disease. Through recognition of carbohydrate motifs on the surface of pathogens, some collagenous lectins can activate the lectin pathway of complement, providing an effective means of host defense. Genetic polymorphisms in collagenous lectins have been shown in several species to predispose animals to a variety of infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are an important cause of morbidity in horses, however little is known regarding the role of equin...
Chalhoub FLL, Horta MAP, Alcantara LCJ, Morales A, Dos Santos LMB, Guerra-Campos V, Rodrigues CDS, Santos CC, Mares-Guia MAM, Pauvolid-Corrêa A....Infections with arboviruses are reported worldwide. Saint Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are closely related flaviviruses affecting humans and animals. SLEV has been sporadically detected in humans, and corresponding antibodies have been frequently detected in horses throughout Brazil. WNV was first reported in western Brazil over a decade ago, has been associated with neurological disorders in humans and equines and its prevalence is increasing nationwide. Herein, we investigated by molecular and serological methods the presence of SLEV and WNV in equines from Rio de Ja...
Farias IF, Souza EAR, Serpa MCA, Palha FS, Oliveira GMB, Labruna MB, Horta MC.Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a common tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Horses are the primary hosts of the main vector, Amblyomma sculptum, and are considered efficient sentinels for circulation of Rickettsia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect antibodies reactive to R. rickettsii antigens in horses from a non-endemic area in the north-central region of Bahia state, Brazil. Blood samples and ticks were collected from 70 horses from the municipalities of Senhor do Bonfim, Antônio Gonçalves, Pindobaçu, and Campo Formoso. The sera obtained were tested by an i...
Ilić T, Bogunović D, Nenadović K, Gajić B, Dimitrijević S, Popović G, Kulišić Z, Milosavljević P.Data on gastrointestinal infections in horses in Southeastern Europe are limited; thus, this study aimed to add to the existing knowledge on this topic by reporting on the prevalence of intestinal parasites of horses in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Methods: In the period from April 2017 to December 2018, parasitological examination of 548 samples from horses of different breed, age and sex from four regions and 18 districts of the country was performed. Coprological diagnostic was done by using qualitative methods without concentration and qualitative methods with concentration of ...
Onder Z, Duzlu O, Yildirim A, Ciloglu A, Okur M, Inci A.This study reports intense horn fly infestations of horses raised in an important wetland ecosystem, Sultan Marshes in Central Anatolia, Turkey. In total, seven horses raised together were found to be harbored over 500 flies per site of each animal. Totally, 376 fly specimens were collected from the horses by using the nets and were subjected to the laboratory for species identification. All flies were morphologically identified as the adults of Haematobia irritans. Partial fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mt-COI) gene from totally 50 isolates were amplified for sequence and ph...
Roncoron C, Fagiolo A, Amoruso C, De Liberato C.Species of Anoplocephalidae are cestodes affecting equines worldwide and causing many intestinal disorders. Between October 2010 and September 2013, 284 faecal samples of horses originating from Lazio Region (Central Italy) were tested for the presence of Anoplocephala sp. eggs by a classic copromicroscopic technique. Data regarding pasture‑dependence/non dependence, age, and sex of the horses were also collected. Statistical analysis, aimed at detecting possible associations between these variables and Anoplocephala sp. prevalence, was performed. Anoplocephala sp. eggs were found in 13% of ...
Steel CM, Collins VL, Hance SR, Adkins AR, Hitchens PL.Veterinarians are required to interpret the significance of radiographic findings for sale, soundness and future racing performance of weanling and yearling Thoroughbreds. We investigated the prevalence and radiographic appearance of slab fractures of the third (T3) and central tarsal (Tc) bones. Methods: Weanling and yearling horses with complete or incomplete T3 or Tc fracture were identified by searching a database of radiographs. The prevalence and radiographic appearance at initial diagnosis and after continued pasture turnout, as well as prognosis for racing, of fractures of T3 and Tc we...
de Moura AB, da Silva MO, Farias JA, Vieira-Neto A, de Souza AP, Sartor AA, Fonteque JH, Bunn S.The aims of this study were to determine occurrences of Neospora spp. IgG antibodies in horses from two geographical regions of the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, and identify risk factors for infection. Analyses were performed on 615 samples using the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT ≥ 1:50). Out of the 615 samples, 25 (4.1%) were positive for Neospora spp. The titers for Neospora spp. were distributed as follows: 1:50 (13), 1:100 (eight), 1:200 (three) and 1:400 (one). Out of the 311 samples taken in the mountain region, eight were positive (2.6%). Among the samples from th...
Gülegen E, Girisgin O, Girisgin AO, Cirak VY.The aim of the present study was to examine sport horses in Northwest Turkey for Eimeria (E.) leuckarti infections. Between 2004 and 2008 fecal samples from 549 horses of different age, breed and sex of 21 farms were examined for E. leuckarti oocysts using a qualitative method which involved centrifugation/flotation and saturated sugar solution as medium. The prevalence of infection was evaluated relative to host age, sex, breed and pasture availability. 16 (2.9%) horses were found to be infected with E. leuckarti, whilst infected horses were located in nine (42.8%) farms. Younger horses (<...
Kornaś S, Skalska M, Nowosad B.The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of roundworm infection in working horses slaughtered for meat. In these horses anthelmintics had not been used. Methods: Roundworms were collected post-mortem from small intestines of 83 horses. Results: The mean prevalence of roundworm infection was 12% and intensity--46.7 specimens per horse. Infection was found only in foals; 10 animals were infected (45.4%) among the 22 examined. Due to common occurrence of roundworms (Parascaris equorum) in foals this nematode control should focus particularly on regular anthelmintic treatment of young...
Kornas S, Nowosad B, Skalska M, Bołoz T.The studies were carried out in 2001 and 2002 on horses from riding clubs in Krakow area. On the basis of McMaster method EPG (eggs per gram) and prevalence of infection (%) was evaluated. The most common parasites were strongyles (Strongylidae). In the first year of study in dynamics of strongyles eggs output of horses kept on paddocks two peaks were observed: in May (450 EPG) and January (427 EPG), in comparison with horses under pasture system where the highest level of strongyles eggs output were in May (832 EPG), from August (420 EPG) to October (385 EPG) and in March (482 EPG). In the se...
Borgsteede FH, van Beek G.The prevalence of tapeworm infestations was investigated in 70 horses slaughtered in the period February 1994-July 1994. Most horses were half-breed, young (1.5-3 years), and in good condition. They were bought for slaughter by dealers on local markets, and their treatment history was therefore unknown. Tapeworm infestations were seen in 16 horses (23%). Fifteen (21%) had an infection with Anoplocephala perfoliata. One horse had a single specimen of Paranoplocephala mamillana. The average number of A. perfoliata was 45 and the highest number was 508.
Gräfner G, Zimmermann H, Karge E, Münch J, Ribbeck R, Hiepe T.Systematic faunal studies in the district Schwerin showed at the present time there are 3 more or less damage-biotopes existing in the districts of Perleberg, Ludwigslust and Parchim; 5 river sources can be considered as potential sources, 5 are temporary and 2 are ephemeral whilst in 3 further areas environmental influences such as effluent impairs the flow of the river and the developmental stages of Simuliidae were not observed.--The following species were found: Boophthora erythrocephala, Wilhelmia salopiensis, Wilhelmia equina, Odagmia ornata, Eusimulium aureum and Eusimulium lundstroemi....
Minervino AHH, Andersson E, Norlander E, Moreira TR, Gennari SM, Mercado Caruso N, Moraes Filho J, Marcili A, Martins TF, Labruna MB.From a previous large epidemiological survey, we randomly selected 474 serum samples (463 horses and 11 mules) distributed among four municipalities of Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil, and from three types: farm animal, urban carthorse, and sport horse. Samples were tested by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT ≥ 64) for antibodies reactive to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae using Rickettsia rickettsii as crude antigens. From the 474 equids tested, 149 (31.4%) had ticks attached during sampling, belonging mostly to the species Dermacentor nitens. The overall seroprevalence...
Vignjević G, Vrućina I, Sestak I, Turić N, Bogojević MS, Merdić E.The West Nile Virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that has recently been causing outbreaks in many countries in southern and Central Europe. In 2012, for the first time, it caused an outbreak in eastern Croatia with total of 7 human clinical cases. With an aim of assisting public health personnel in order to improve survey protocols and vector control, the high risk areas of the WNV transmission were estimated and mapped. The study area included cities of Osijek and Slavonski Brod and 8 municipalities in Vukovarsko-Srijemska County. Risk estimation was based on seroprevalence of WNV infections...
Cazeau G, Leblond A, Sala C, Froustey M, Beck C, Lecollinet S, Tapprest J.Few studies about the use of quantitative equine mortality data for monitoring purposes are available. Our study evaluated the utility of monitoring emerging equine diseases using mortality data collected by rendering plants. We used approaches involving modelling of historical mortality fluctuations and detection algorithm methods to analyse changes in equine mortality in connection with the West Nile Virus (WNV) outbreak that occurred between July and September 2015 along the Mediterranean coast of France. Two weeks after the first equine WNV case was detected by clinical surveillance, detec...
Kim I, Cohen ND, Carroll RJ.The authors describe a method for assessing and characterizing effect heterogeneity related to a matching covariate in case-control studies, using an example from veterinary medicine. Data are from a case-control study conducted in Texas during 1997-1998 of 498 pairs of horses with colic and their controls. Horses were matched by veterinarian and by month of examination. The number of matched pairs of cases and controls varied by veterinarian. The authors demonstrate that there is effect heterogeneity related to this characteristic (i.e., cluster size of veterinarians) for the association of c...
Stephen JO, White NA, McCormick WH, Cowles RR, Corley KT.To identify the types of injuries sustained by horses that competed in steeplechase races and determine the prevalence of and risk factors for those injuries. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: 2,680 horses that competed in various types of steeplechase races from 1996 through 2000. Methods: Data regarding races; environment; equipment problems; the number of horses that entered, started, and finished races; the number of riders that fell; and the number of horses that were slowed or stopped by the rider, ran off the course, fell, and sustained injuries or physical abnormalities during races...
Lee SK, Choi J, Yoon J, Jung J, Park JY, Park J, Kim Y, Park JY, Park D.Equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV-1) can cause upper respiratory disease in horses and has been reported worldwide. In this study, and for the first time in Korea, the prevalence of EAdV-1 in equine nasal swabs was investigated using a PCR to identify potential risk factors and examine the genetic diversity of its DNA sequences by a comparison with foreign strains. Nasal swabs collected from 359 horses reared at Korea Racing Authority facilities were tested using an EAdV-1 hexon-specific PCR and the associations between EAdV-1 infection and sex, age, region, breed, and activity were analyzed. Five sam...
Daugschies A, Epe C.In Lower Saxony approximately 3500 veterinarians were asked to fill in a questionnaire focused on the prevalence of parasitic infections in cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses, the preferred control measures and the antiparasitic drugs in use. Although the disappointing low number of only 48 veterinarians that participated in this survey prevented any representative conclusions the following trends were remarkable: gastrointestinal strongyles were the most prevalent parasites in cattle (34.8%), sheep (28.0%), and horses (42.3%). In pigs, ascarids were most often diagnosed (41.9%) followed by the s...
Kranenburg LC, van Ree HE, Calis AN, de Pater M, Buter GJ, van Maanen C, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaarn MM.Equine proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis is an emerging disease of weanling foals and affects their growth and development. The prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in The Netherlands is not known. The aim of the study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in horses in The Netherlands. Blood samples were taken from healthy foals before and after weaning and from healthy yearlings and mature horses on farms throughout The Netherlands. These samples were analysed for the presence of Lawsonia intracellularis-specific antibodies with a block...
Mira J, Herman M, Zakia LS, Olivo G, Araujo JP, Borges AS, Oliveira-Filho JP.Aural plaques can be found on the inner surfaces of one or both ears of horses. Despite their low malignancy, these lesions can sometimes cause discomfort and sensitivity in horses, and a loss in commercial value due to their aesthetic effect. There has been a study describing the epidemiological features and the clinical prevalence of equine aural plaques in Brazil. Objective: To determine the clinical prevalence and selected associated factors of aural plaques. Methods: In the study, 891 horses were assessed for aural plaques. The sample group had a median age of 5 years and comprised both s...
Doherr MG, Carpenter TE, Wilson WD, Gardner IA.To determine whether horses with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections that were examined at a veterinary medical teaching hospital between July 1, 1992, and June 30, 1994 had patterns of temporal or spatial clustering. Methods: 134 case and 800 control horses randomly selected from all non-case horses admitted during the study period. Methods: Admission date and geographic location were determined. Scan, Cuzick & Edwards', and Knox tests were applied to determine whether case horses had patterns of temporal or spatial clustering. Results: For all windows > or = 3 days (134 case...
De Almeida JC, Augusto Mde M, Da Silva TG, De Toledo PS, De Souza DF, Antunes J, Molento MB.The objective of this work was to determine the quantitative prevalence of Anoplocephala sp. in thoroughbred horses raised in São José dos Pinhais, PR using the modified centrifugal-flotation technique. Repeatability values for the eggs per gram (EPG) were evaluated at 28-day intervals. The coproparasitological tests were made in 28 one-year old animals, 25 two-year old animals and 28 mares during the 2007 period of January 31st and June 15th. In the comparison of EPG, all mares presented low values than the foals (P = 0.04). The prevalence results indicated 50, 18 and 40% Anoplocephala sp. ...
Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Henry CE, Fahey MJ, Van de Walle GR.Theiler's disease, a.k.a. equine serum hepatitis, is a devastating, highly fatal disease of horses. Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has been identified as the likely cause of this disease. While the incidence of Theiler's disease is low, the prevalence of EqPV-H DNA in horses is high, with up to 37% in some regions, suggesting that subclinical or persistent infection is common. To determine the prevalence and pathogenicity of EqPV-H infection at New York racetracks, DNA was extracted from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissues from racehorses submitted for necropsy to th...
Rubes J, Borkovec L, Horínová Z, Urbanová J, Proroková I, Kulíková L.Cytogenetic examinations were carried out in 13 cattle farms, two herds of horses, one stag farm and 13 pig farms in areas with different levels of environmental contamination. The frequency of aberrant cells per 100 mitoses was 3.67 +/- 1.89 in pigs (n = 260) and 4.16 +/- 2.4 in herbivores (n = 497). This is a significant difference (p < 0.01). Ten times higher frequencies of chromatid exchanges were found in pigs. The examined herds were classified into three groups by the level of environmental contamination (satisfactory, impaired and severely impaired environment). Significant differen...
Dhand NK, Sergeant ES.The aim of this preliminary study was to estimate the proportions of seropositive horses on infected premises (IPs) in order to assess the attack risk of the disease. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the differences in attack risks between enterprise sizes and predefined spatial clusters/regions. The average attack risk experienced during the outbreak was 96.88% (median 100%), but it differed according to the size of the enterprise and other geographic and demographic conditions. The highest attack risks were observed in the Dubbo cluster/region and the lowest in the Nar...
Lepeule J, Bareille N, Valette JP, Seegers H, Jacquet S, Denoix JM, Robert C.Developmental orthopaedic disease (DOD) affects all breeds and is a common cause of pain and lameness for horses in sports. A thorough knowledge of between-breed variations for the prevalence of DOD, for its distribution among the various joints and for its severity at earlier stages in the disease process is needed in order to improve the relevance and the cost-effectiveness of DOD screening protocols. However, no prevalence study for DOD simultaneously performed on several breeds with similar farming systems and based on radiographic findings (RF) on quite a large number of joints and views,...
Andersen S, Fogh J.During a 5 months' period from January to May 1981 faecal samples of 176 donkeys from 59 herds all over the country were examined at the Institute of internal medicine, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen. In addition, the investigation also included 106 horses from 30 of the donkey herds and 34 horses hospitalized with symptoms of dyspnoea and chronic coughing. In all, 87.5% of the donkeys were shown to excrete D. arnfieldi larvae, often in very high numbers, and the larval excretion was the only symptom of lungworm infection. There was no significant correlation betw...
