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Topic:Disease Treatment
Disease treatment in horses encompasses a range of medical interventions and management strategies aimed at addressing various health conditions affecting equine species. These treatments can include pharmacological approaches, such as the administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiparasitic medications, as well as non-pharmacological methods like physical therapy, dietary adjustments, and surgical procedures. The selection of appropriate treatments depends on the specific disease, its severity, and the individual needs of the horse. This topic brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the efficacy, safety, and advancements in therapeutic options for equine diseases, providing insights into best practices and emerging trends in equine veterinary medicine.
Neostigmine methylsulfate delays gastric emptying of particulate markers in horses. Eight horses were allotted to 2 groups, each of 4 horses. All horses were given 100 plastic markers intragastrically via a nasogastric tube. One group of animals (control group) was not given medication after marker administration. The other group (test group) was given neostigmine methylsulfate (0.022 mg/kg of body weight) in the subcutaneous tissue at the time of marker administration and 30, 60, and 90 minutes later. All horses were killed 135 minutes after marker administration to locate the beads in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric emptying of the markers was significantly delayed (P l...
Ticks on livestock in St. Lucia. Cattle, sheep, goats and horses were examined for ticks. Over 95% of Holstein cross-breeds, 28% of sheep (local mixed breeds) and 18% of goats (local mixed breeds) examined from 18 August to 4 September 1983 were infested with the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus Canestrini. About 90 and 17% of the horses examined were infested with the tropical horse tick, Anocentor nitens Neumann, and the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius, respectively. The tropical bont tick was found infesting 10% of cattle in the Gros Islet area of St. Lucia. The tropical bont tick was also found...
Use of oxibendazole for control of cambendazole-resistant small strongyles in a band of ponies: a six-year study. Oxibendazole (OBZ; 10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to ponies at 8-week intervals to control strongylosis in a breeding band of Shetland-type ponies (n = 29 to 50) from October 1978 through September 1984. A similar use of cambendazole (CBZ; 20 mg/kg of body weight) in this band of ponies during the preceding 4-year period resulted in the survival of a CBZ-resistant population (S) of small strongyles. Effectiveness of OBZ treatments was monitored by pre- and posttreatment counts of the number of strongyle eggs per gram of feces (epg) and of the number of strongyle larvae per gram of f...
Effect of intra-articular gentamicin sulfate on normal equine synovial membrane. Gentamicin sulfate (3 ml; 50 mg/ml) was administered intra-articularly into 30 normal equine radiocarpal joints after arthrocentesis. Arthrocentesis alone was performed on 10 normal radiocarpal joints. Synovial fluid evaluations and gross and microscopic examinations were performed on synovial fluid and synovial membrane of designated joints at selected daily intervals over a period of 10 days. Synovial fluid from gentamicin-injected joints had greater turbidity, higher RBC and WBC counts, and higher refractive indices than did joints not injected with gentamicin. The largest increases develop...
Scapular notch resection for suprascapular nerve decompression in 12 horses. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle paralysis with atrophy was treated by partial osteotomy of the scapula, deep to the suprascapular nerve. The horses had various gait abnormalities, which were corrected by the surgery, but regeneration of the muscles varied from partial to complete, depending on the duration of the condition and the degree of atrophy before surgery.
A surgical approach to treatment of suprascapular nerve injury in the horse. Suprascapular nerve decompression has proven to be a useful treatment for refractory neuropraxia in horses. The surgical procedure used to effect that decompression is described. The surgery can be undertaken when conservative treatment has failed, but the sooner the surgery is done, the more likely the muscle mass is to be cosmetically satisfactory.
Repair of a delayed-union stress fracture of the dorsal cortex of a metacarpal bone in a horse. A delayed union metacarpal stress fracture was repaired in a horse, using lag-screw fixation in conjunction with dc electrical stimulation. Twelve weeks after surgery, radiographic and scintigraphic evaluations revealed that the fracture line was not discernible and that there was a decrease in radiopharmaceutic uptake, as compared with that in previous bone imaging studies. In this horse, DC stimulation of a delayed union stress fracture in a bone resulted in a healing pattern similar to that in human beings with delayed union fractures when treated with electrical stimulation.
Work intolerance in a horse with thyroid carcinoma. A thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in a 14-year-old competitive trail horse with a 3-month history of work intolerance. Abnormal findings included low base-line triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) values, a large thyroid gland and decreased work tolerance. Nuclear medicine scanning revealed displacement of the right thyroid gland by a mass. Needle biopsy of the mass revealed neoplastic changes compatible with thyroid carcinoma. After removing the tumor surgically, T3 and T4 values returned to normal. Subsequently, the horse was able to compete successfully. Horses with work intolerance com...
Erythrogram and red cell distribution width of Equidae with experimentally induced anemia. The erythrogram (erythrocyte histogram) and red cell distribution width (RDW) were evaluated in 5 purebred horses and 1 pony of mixed breeding with experimentally induced anemia. Four horses were studied for 6 weeks after 20% of their estimated blood volume was removed on each of 2 consecutive days (40% total blood loss; acute blood-loss group). Two horses were given acetylphenyl hydrazine IV daily, until acute Heinz body hemolytic anemia was induced; the 2 horses were then evaluated for 6 weeks. One horse and the pony had 20% of their estimated blood volume removed via phlebotomy once each we...
BCG treatment of periocular sarcoid. Twenty-six horses and five mules with periocular sarcoids were treated with intralesional injections of a purified bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) cell walls in oil suspension. All sarcoids were cured and the horses and mules remained free from recurrence of sarcoid during the two-year follow-up period.
Pharyngeal trauma from endotracheal intubation in a colt. A pharyngeal performation, probably associated with endotracheal intubation, occurred in a healthy 4 1/2-month-old colt. Inhalation anesthesia was carried out for elective surgery, but acute cervical cellulitis, pleuritis, and pneumonia developed after the surgery. Antibacterial and supportive therapy was ineffective.
Efficacy of testing for illegal medication in horses. The efficacy of testing for illegal drugs in race horses was surveyed by evaluating 27 questionnaires received from 28 racing jurisdictions polled. Large variations in the number of samples tested and drugs detected were reported. Some jurisdictions reported only illegal medications, whereas others also reported permitted medications. To facilitate comparison, stimulants, depressants, local anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, and tranquilizers were classified as hard drugs. Other drugs, which are legal in some jurisdictions, were classified as soft. To evaluate the efficacy of testing, positive ...
Effects of flunixin meglumine on cardiopulmonary responses to endotoxin in ponies. The effects of endotoxemia on cardiopulmonary parameters, before and after cyclooxygenase blockade, were determined in anesthetized ponies spontaneously breathing a mixture of halothane and 100% O2. Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused intravenously at 20 micrograms/kg for 1 h followed by 10 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1 the subsequent 4 h. By 15 min endotoxin increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and alveolar dead space ventilation (VDA/VT), and these were followed by a return to base-line values by 30 min. A second increase in PVR occurred by 5 h ...
Bronchoalveolar lavage in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves). We performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 2 groups of ponies. Principal ponies had a history of heaves, a disease characterized by recurrent airway obstruction and airway hyperreactivity when ponies are housed in a barn and fed hay; control ponies had no history of airway obstruction. Ponies were paired (principal and control), and BAL was performed after 2 months of being pastured when principal ponies were in clinical remission (Period A), after barn housing when principal ponies had acute airway obstruction (Period B), and after a 1- and a 2-wk recovery phase of pasture grazing (Periods ...
