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Topic:Disease
The study of diseases in horses encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting equine health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic abnormalities. These diseases can impact various systems within the horse, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, and can lead to significant health challenges. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of equine diseases. Common diseases studied include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, and laminitis. This page provides access to peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of diseases in horses, contributing to the advancement of equine veterinary medicine.
[Bilateral obstructive ecstasy of the kidneys in a newborn foal: a case study]. A report is given of obstructive ectasy of both kidneys in a newborn foal. Diagnosis and therapy are described as well as differential diagnosis.
Repair of a full-thickness gastric rupture in a horse. A 14-year-old Thoroughbred broodmare was evaluated for signs of mild to moderate abdominal pain of 5 hours' duration. Exploratory celiotomy revealed a 20 x 8-cm subserosal hematoma associated with a focal serosal perforation overlying a muscular tear along the parietal surface of the stomach. The odor of intestinal tract gas was detected, but gross contamination of the abdomen was not evident. Concurrent partial volvulus of the small intestine was evident. Removal of the large colon from the abdomen appeared to coincide with propagation of the serosal perforation to a full-thickness gastric re...
Ventricular tachycardia associated with exhaustive exercise in a horse. Ventricular tachycardia was diagnosed in a 12-year-old unconditioned Appaloosa gelding after a 3-day trail ride. Initial signs were those of abdominal discomfort, ileus, and dehydration. Medical treatment included IV administration of lactated Ringer's solution. During hospitalization, the horse developed ventricular tachycardia. Serum potassium concentrations were within reference limits; however, assessment of total body potassium stores was not performed. Resolution of the arrhythmia occurred with further fluid treatment and potassium supplementation. Cardiac arrhythmias should be considere...
Detection of African horse sickness viruses by dot-blot hybridization using a digoxigenin-labelled probe. In order to develop a non-radioactive dot-blot hybridization assay, for the detection of African-horse sickness virus (AHSV), genome segment 7 from 9 serotypes was amplified by RT-PCR. The resulting PCR products were denatured, immobilized on nylon membranes and then hybridized to a non-radioactive digoxigenin-labelled probe. This probe (265 bp in length) was generated by nested-PCR using genome segment 7 of AHSV, serotype 4 as a template. The dot-blot was visualized by chemiluminescence. Positives were obtained from the PCR products amplified from all 9 AHSV serotypes, but not from any other ...
Case-control study of risk factors for development of pleuropneumonia in horses. Risk factors for development of pleuropneumonia were determined by reviewing medical records of 45 horses with pleuropneumonia and 180 control horses examined between Jan 1, 1980 and Jan 1, 1990. Factors considered included age, breed, sex, occupation, transport farther than 500 miles within the previous week, racing within the previous 48 hours, viral respiratory tract infection or exposure to horses with viral respiratory tract disease within the previous 2 weeks, and vaccination against influenza or rhinopneumonitis within the previous 6 months. Results indicated that Thoroughbreds were at ...
Monoclonal antibodies specific for equine IgG sub-isotypes including an antibody which recognizes B lymphocytes. Equine immunoglobulin G is currently classified as consisting of five sub-isotypes: IgGa, b, and c, IgG(T), and IgG(B). The study of the role of these immunoglobulins in antigen-specific responses, and the examination of their functional properties would be greatly facilitated by the availability of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that distinguish between them. The production and characterization of two Mabs that recognize an IgG sub-isotype with the characteristics of IgG(ab) is described. The immunoglobulin identified by these Mabs had a heavy chain weight of 53 kDa, was of rapid cathodal elect...
Chyloabdomen in a neonatal foal. A 12-hour-old female standardbred foal developed signs of abdominal pain, tachycardia, tachypnoea and fever associated with chylous ascites. Small intestinal obstruction was due to segmental, mid-jejunal lymphangiectasia. Post mortem examination revealed a lack of communication between afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels in the mesenteric lymphocentre, a defect which was suspected to be congenital.
Cutaneous amyloidosis in a horse with lymphoma. A horse with malignant lymphoma (histiolymphocytic) and cutaneous amyloidosis is described. The lymphoma involved the dura mater of the spinal cord and some of the peripheral lymph nodes. Multifocal amyloid deposits were present in the skin and subcutis of the ventral abdomen but not within the lymphoma cell infiltrates or in the viscera.
Metacarpal fracture associated with lymphosarcoma-induced osteolysis in a horse. A 19-year-old Appaloosa gelding was reluctant to move. Radiography revealed diffuse, permeative lysis of the cortex and subchondral bone of the phalanges, third metacarpal bones, proximal sesamoid bones, radius, carpal bones, tibia, mandible, and nasal bones of the skull. A comminuted fracture of the distal aspect of the left third metacarpal bone was identified on a lateral to medial radiographic view of the left metacarpophalangeal joint. Histologic examination of the first phalanx, third metacarpal bone, and sternum revealed multifocal infiltrates of nodular lymphosarcoma in cortical and su...
Outbreak of vesicular dermatitis among horses at a midwestern horse show. Dermatitis consisting of blisters on the nose and other parts of the body was reported among horses at a Midwestern horse show. Some horses also had jaundice, hematuria and anorexia. An outbreak investigation was initiated, and of 239 horses for which information could be obtained, 58 (24%) were found to have been affected. Median duration of illness was 5 days, and all horses recovered. Age, sex, water source, grain source, and stabling location were not associated with illness. The use of wood shavings bedding obtained at the show grounds was the factor most strongly associated with the deve...
Larval cyathostomiasis as a cause of death in two regularly dewormed horses. Two horses were presented with complaints of chronic weight loss and subcutaneous oedema, one of them presenting diarrhoea. Both animals were grazed with other unaffected horses, all of them being regularly dewormed. Blood chemistry revealed hypoalbuminaemia and a low albumin-globulin ratio. Faecal egg counts were negative and no cyathostome larvae could be found in the faeces. Neither of these horses could be saved, despite intensive treatment. Postmortem examination revealed severe typhlitis and colitis due to numerous inhibited cyathostome larvae.
Effects of furosemide, exercise, and atropine on tracheal mucus transport rate in horses. Effects of furosemide, exercise, and atropine on tracheal mucus transport rate (TMTR) in horses were investigated. Atropine (0.02 mg/kg of body weight) administered IV or by aerosolization significantly (P < 0.05) decreased TMTR at 60, but not at 30 minutes after its administration in standing horses. Furosemide (1.10 mg/kg, IV) did not have any significant effect on TMTR when measured at 2 or 4 hours after its administration in standing horses. Exercise alone or furosemide (1.10 mg/kg, IV) administration followed 4 hours later by exercise did not alter TMTR, compared with values for standi...
Cardiopulmonary effects of hypercapnia during controlled intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the horse. The cardiopulmonary effects of eucapnia (arterial CO2 tension [PaCO2] 40.4 +/- 2.9 mm Hg, mean +/- SD), mild hypercapnia (PaCO2, 59.1 +/- 3.5 mm Hg), moderate hypercapnia (PaCO2, 82.6 +/- 4.9 mm Hg), and severe hypercapnia (PaCO2, 110.3 +/- 12.2 mm Hg) were studied in 8 horses during isoflurane anesthesia with volume controlled intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and neuromuscular blockade. The sequence of changes in PaCO2 was randomized. Mild hypercapnia produced bradycardia resulting in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in cardiac index (CI) and oxygen delivery (DO2), while ...
XX male pseudohermaphroditism in a horse. A pseudohermaphrodite horse with aggressive stallion-like behavior and ambiguous external genitalia was gonadectomized. The hypoplastic gonads removed from the abdomen were confirmed by histologic examination to be testes. Examination of blood and fibroblasts revealed a 64,XX karyotype.
Detection of tetanus toxoid-specific memory T cells in equine lymph nodes but not in peripheral blood. The use of tetanus toxoid as a recall antigen to investigate equine immune responses would be, in theory, a useful and cost-effective model in vitro. However, by using various regimens for culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from horses previously immunised with toxoid no proliferative response to the antigen was obtained in vitro, whereas lymph node mononuclear cells from the same animals proliferated significantly in response to it. The lack of response by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was not due to the presence of a suppressive factor but to a lack of recognition of the a...
Development and evaluation of an ELISA using recombinant fusion protein to detect the presence of host antibody to equine arteritis virus. A recombinant glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein expressing amino acids 55-98 of equine arteritis virus (EAV) GL (rGL 55-98) was tested in an ELISA for its ability to detect serum antibodies to EAV. Host antibodies induced following EAV infection bound the recombinant antigen by ELISA. The ELISA specificity and sensitivity were determined with a panel of equine sera including postinfection and postvaccination samples. A good correlation existed between EAV neutralizing antibody titers and ELISA absorbance values (r = 0.827). The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 99.6 and 90.1...
Effect of exercise on enzymatic activity in tracheal fluid and on intrapleural pressure difference in horses. Seventeen trotters, eight healthy and nine with a mild respiratory disease, underwent a submaximal treadmill exercise. Heart rate, breathing frequency, intrapleural pressure difference (IP difference) as well as haematocrit and concentration of lactic acid in blood were monitored before exercise, during exercise and during recovery. The activities of beta-glucuronidase and plasmin, total proteolytic activity and trypsin inhibitory capacity were measured from the tracheal fluid before and after exercise. IP difference significantly increased during exercise and returned to normal values within ...
The morphology and pathology of Besnoitia sp. in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Four of five reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) obtained from a Besnoitia sp.- infected herd at the Assiniboine Park Zoo in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, in October 1989, had evidence of mild dermatitis over the articular surfaces of carpal and tarsal joints. Cysts of Besnoitia sp., either surrounded by inflammatory reactions or without evident host response, were present within the dermis, submucosa of the nasal turbinates, periosteum, tendons, testes and hooves. The light microscopic and histochemical features of Besnoitia sp. from reindeer were indistinguishable from those of other Besnoit...
