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Topic:Disease
The study of diseases in horses encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting equine health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic abnormalities. These diseases can impact various systems within the horse, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, and can lead to significant health challenges. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of equine diseases. Common diseases studied include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, and laminitis. This page provides access to peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of diseases in horses, contributing to the advancement of equine veterinary medicine.
Urolithiasis in the horse – a review of 13 cases. The presenting signs, treatment and postoperative progress of 13 horses with vesical and urethral calculi are reviewed. Single, discrete stones were present in 10 animals in which the results of treatment were generally good. In three horses with sabulous cystic deposits, urolithiasis was associated with bladder paralysis and the response to treatment was poor.
Toxic hepatopathy in neonatal foals. Six foals of three different breeds, born to healthy mares, appeared normal at birth, and died at two to five days of age with icterus, ataxia, head pressing, and terminal hepatic coma. Their livers were less than one-half normal weight. Most of the liver was dark red-brown and slightly rubbery. Histologically, these areas were characterized by severe bile ductule proliferation, mild portal tract fibrosis, and massive hepatocellular necrosis and lobular collapse. A small proportion of the liver, usually on the peripheral part of the lobes, was grossly light brown and slightly raised. Histologi...
Suppressor lymphocyte activity in normal and immunodeficient horses. Equine lymphocytes incubated with Con A and isolated on discontinuous BSA density gradients suppressed mixed lymphocyte reactions in a cell dose- and Con A dose-dependent manner. Suppressor lymphocytes were radiosensitive, even after the initial Con A incubation phase was completed. Suppressor activity was consistently demonstrated using peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from normal horses, but was absent in thymus cells and variably present in lymph node cells. Suppressor lymphocytes were present in horses with selective IgM deficiency, and within neoplastic lymph nodes from a horse wit...
[Hypophyseal adenocarcinoma in a horse. A case study]. The paper presents the case-history of a 5-year-old pony suffering from an adenocarcinoma which proceeded from the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. Neurological and patho-morphological findings are reported.
In vitro induction of lymphocyte responsiveness by a Strongylus vulgaris-derived mitogen. Proliferation in vitro of peripheral blood lymphocytes both from horses infected with Strongylus vulgaris and from helminth-free ponies was observed in the presence of extracts of the fourth and fifth stage larvae and adults of S. vulgaris. In addition, S. vulgaris extracts induced transformation in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from sheep and dogs and in mouse spleen cell cultures. Nylon wool non-adherent, T cell enriched fractions of lymphocytes from both mice and horses were stimulated by the S. vulgaris larval mitogen while no proliferation was observed in cultures containing ny...
The toxicity of Datura stramonium (thorn apple) to horses. Meal contaminated by Datura stramonium seeds at the rate of 0.5% by weight was fed to two horses. Both horses showed clinical signs of depression, anorexia, weight loss, rapi heart and respiration rates, mydriasis, polyuria, polydipsia and diarrhoea. Both recovered with treatment. Maize screenings contaminated by the seeds had been used in the manufacture of the meal.
[Aspergillus oryzae as a cause of keratomycosis in the horse]. A case of a spontaneous mycokeratitis of a previously injured cornea in a horse is described. The infection was caused by Aspergillus oryzae. After application of Chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointment a corneal clouding was found in the centre which was circularly sharply defined and which - after dispensing Dexamethason-Neomycin eye drops - expanded all over to a purulent keratitis. The demarcated and initially non purulent mycotic lesions largely improved after the application of tincture of iodine, whereas the purulent keratitis could be completely cured only by a lasting treatment with Lugol...
Retained cartilage in the distal radial physis of foals. Examination of growth plate defects in the distal radial physis of 13 foals three to 70 days of age revealed lesions in the lateral and medial aspects of the distal radial physis; the lateral defects were more numerous and obvious. Lesions consisted of widening of the zone of hypertrophying cells of the metaphyseal growth plate (retained cartilage), retained cartilage with discontinuity of cartilage and primary spongiosa, and microfracture of the primary spongiosa. In some foals, the cartilage retention was thought to be due to primary spongiosa microfracture, although fracture subsequent to c...
Three cases of obstruction of the small colon by a foreign body. This report describes fatal obstruction of the small colon of three horses. The obstructions were caused by irregularly shaped enteroliths of which the centres contained a foreign body, namely a guy-rope, a piece of baling twine , and a fishing-line, respectively. The diagnosis was made by post-mortem examination.
[Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse in a 1-year-old mare resecting only the mucous membrane]. A mare with rectal prolaps was operated at Vienna University. The prolaps was corrected by mucosal resection only. The remaining vital layers of the corresponding intestinal section were saved. The advantage of a special tissue saving operating technique in the rectal area is seen in avoiding postoperative complications.
A giant congenital pigmented nevus in a horse. Pigmented nevi have not been widely recognized in domesticated animals. We describe, for the first time, a giant congenital pigmented nevus in a horse. Because of a prominent neuroid component within the lesion, neurofibromatosis was the major differential diagnosis.
Inhibition of equine S-adenohomocysteine hydrolase by 2′-deoxyadenosine. 2'-Deoxyadenosine and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ARA) are apparent suicide inhibitors for equine S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. In initial velocity studies of the synthetic reaction converting adenosine and homocysteine to S-adenosylhomocysteine, adenine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine were found to be competitive inhibitors with Kis of 3.8 microM, 1.1 mM, and 30 microM, respectively. In contrast, linear mixed inhibition was observed for 2'-deoxyadenosine, indicating that 2'-deoxyadenosine must bind in more than one fashion to the enzyme.
Borna disease of horses. An immunohistological and virological study of naturally infected animals. The brains of eight horses that had suffered from natural Borna disease were examined with virologic, immunohistological, and electron-microscopic methods. All brains harbored infectious virus as shown by inoculation of experimental animals. Regional assessment of the infectivity exhibited the highest titers in the hippocampus and piriform cortex and the lowest in the cerebellum. Conventional histology yielded pathologic alterations very similar to those of the classical description of the disease. Immunohistology demonstrated the highest amounts of Borna disease virus-specific antigen in the ...
Method of selective and non-selective angiocardiography for the horse. A practical and safe method of angiocardiography for the horse is described. The technique involved the rapid injection of 50 to 150 ml contrast agent via catheters in the right and left heart, pulmonary artery and aorta. The examination was carried out with the horse in the standing position or under general anaesthesia. Angiocardiograms were performed on 10 normal horses and satisfactory pictures of the right and left ventricles, pulmonary arteries, aorta and coronary circulation were obtained. The technique was also used in a foal with severe congenital heart disease. The most practical met...
Serological and bacteriological survey of three horse studs for contagious equine metritis. A bacteriological and serological survey for evidence of contagious equine metritis (CEM) was made during the 1980 breeding season on 3 horse studs in South Australia with a history of previous infection. Swabs from the clitoral sinus and the cervix were cultured for Haemophilus equigenitalis and serum was screened for antibody using the complement fixation test (CFT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specificity of both tests was greater than 0.99 but the ELISA was more sensitive in detecting antibody in infected mares. On the evidence presented it was concluded that H. e...
Detection of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte cultures derived from horses in various stages of equine infectious anemia viral infection. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen-positive and agar-gel immunodiffusion test (AGID)-negative horses do not have infective equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. The ELISA testing of horse leukocyte culture (HLC) supernatants did detect EIA virus in a HLC that was infected with the Wyoming strain of EIA virus and in HLC derived from horses in febrile, acute, or subacute stages of EIA infection. In supernatants of HLC derived from chronic and inapparent carrier horses, EIA virus was not detected with ELISA. Direct fluorescent antibody tests detected EIA virus in HLC infected w...
Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria. VIII. Differences observed in the biology of ticks which fed on different domestic animal hosts. Ticks of the species Amblyomma variegatum (Fabr.), Boophilus decoloratus (Koch), Boophilus geigyi Aeschl. et Morel, and Hyalomma rufipes Koch were detached from cattle, sheep and horses and the influence of these various hosts on the biology of ticks was investigated. No A. variegatum was found in horses. The parameters studied were preoviposition and oviposition periods, ovipositional capacity, eclosion period, hatching patterns, egg sizes and temperature effect. Although the preoviposition and eclosion periods were similar in each tick species irrespective of the host from which the adults w...
Toxic hepatic failure in newborn foals. Eight foals, 2 to 5 days of age, with similar clinical signs and laboratory and pathologic findings, died from hepatic failure. The predominant clinical signs were depression and icterus. Abnormally high values were found for plasma ammonia content, aromatic-to-branch-chain amino acid ratio, total serum bilirubin content, gamma glutamyl transferase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and PCV; partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged. Some foals had high sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. These laboratory findings were suggestive of subacute hepatic disease and failure...
